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Chapter 12-1

Chapter 12-1. Foreign influence in China 1800-1917. Learning Targets. I can 2) Identify historical examples of 19 th century imperialism. 4) Discuss conflicts that arose as a result of 19 th -20 th century imperialism.

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Chapter 12-1

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  1. Chapter 12-1 Foreign influence in China 1800-1917

  2. Learning Targets I can 2) Identify historical examples of 19th century imperialism. 4) Discuss conflicts that arose as a result of 19th-20th century imperialism. 5) Describe the main reasons that 19th-20th century imperialism took place. 6) Evaluate the impacts of imperialism on the conquered population.

  3. European products • Europeans brought clocks, globes, musical instruments and opium to China. • Opium addiction became a huge problem in China as over 12 million Chinese became addicted to it.

  4. European arrival and Chinese reaction • Europeans brought with them items to trade but the Chinese were not impressed. • China believed it was self sufficient.

  5. Chinese self sufficiency • China believed it was self sufficient because -It had a healthy agricultural economy -Plentiful rice in the south -Maize, corn and potatoes from the Americas -Mining, manufacturing, salt and tin was abundant.

  6. Guangzhou • The only trade port in all of China open to foreigners. • All trade controlled by China • China had a favorable balance of trade.

  7. Opium Wars • Causes- Qing emperor demanded that Britain stop sending Opium to China, Britain refused. • In 1839 war broke out but England won because of its superior weapons and navy. • Treaty of Nanjing- peace treaty ending the war and giving Britain control of Hong Kong and foreigners given extraterritorial rights (not subject to Chinese laws) • Greatly increased Chinese resentment of foreigners.

  8. Chinese international problems • Population grew by 30% but food supplies could not keep up. • Hunger, famine and opium addiction spread. • Soon the Qing faced rebellion.

  9. The Taiping Rebellion • Hong Xiuquan built an organization called the Heavenly kingdom of great peace. • Its goal was to share the wealth and allow no poverty. • In 1853, rebellion broke out and his 1 million man army captured Tapai. • He withdrew from public life and 11 years later the kingdom collapsed due to foreign troops and the imperial army.

  10. Empress Cixi • Proposed that China start a “self strengthening movement” • The goals were to update China’s educational system, diplomatic system and its army in order to resist foreign influence.

  11. Europeans move into China • Nations took advantage of a weakened China as it had failed to strengthen fast enough. • Treaties had also given foreign nations control over parts of China and its economy. • Countries also formed spheres of influence in China- Chinese trade and investment controlled by foreign nations.

  12. Open Door Policy • Letters written by Sec. of State John Hay that stated -China needed to open to free trade. -The U.S. would protect its right to free trade in China -This meant the U.S. had moved into China as an imperial power along with European nations.

  13. Boxer Rebellion • A group known as the Society of righteous and harmonious fists resented foreign influence in China and rebelled against the Dowager Empress. • In 1900, foreign property was destroyed and foreigners were killed or kidnapped. • This rebellion was broken up by a foreign army including the U.S. of 19,000 men.

  14. The Boxer Rebellion

  15. Impact of the Boxer Rebellion • Empress knew she needed to reform China or face further revolt. • She began to send diplomats throughout the world in order to study western political ways. • She created a national assembly along with a full constitutional government.

  16. The last emperor

  17. Review Time

  18. Why was China not interested in Britain’s initial trade requests? • Britain had threatened war • China believed it was self sufficient • China already traded with France • China and Japan were economically allied.

  19. Great Britain got control of Hong Kong because • It signed a pledge of international cooperation with China • Japan and Britain divided China • The Treaty of Nanjing • The Boxer Rebellion

  20. The Open Door Policy • Allowed the U.S. to form a military alliance with China • Linked China and Japan economically • Gave the U.S. access to Chinese trade • Was well received by China

  21. The Boxer Rebellion • Was an attempt to install communism in China • Was a reaction to foreign influence in China • Gave the U.S. free trade with China • Improved Chinese exports

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