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The rock cycle

The rock cycle. Before we look at the R o c k C y c l e in more detail,. let’s review some basic information …. Atoms combine to make compounds that combine to make minerals. Minerals are. Solid , Naturally occurring , I norganic. a Fixed chemical composition ,.

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The rock cycle

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  1. The rock cycle

  2. Before we look at theRock Cyclein more detail, let’s review some basic information …

  3. Atoms combine to make compounds that combine to make minerals.

  4. Mineralsare Solid, Naturally occurring, Inorganic a Fixed chemical composition, And has Crystal form S N I F C

  5. alunite, amethyst, amphibole, analcite, anatase, andalusite, andesine, andradite, anglesite, anhydrite, ankerite, annabergite, anorthite, anthonyite, anthophyllite, anthraconite, anthraxolite, antigorite, apatite, aphrosiderite, apophyllite, aragonite, ardennite, argentoalgodonite, arsenopyrite, asbestos, atacamite, attapulgite, augite,awarurite, axinite, azurite, babingtonite, baddeleyite, barite, bassetite, bastnaesite, beaconite, beryl, biotite, bismuthinite, blomstrandine, bornite, bowlingite, brannerite, braunite, brochantite, bronzite, brookite, brucite, brunsvigite, buttgenbachite, byssolite, bytownite, calciovolborthite, calcite, calderite, calumetite, carnallite, carnelian, celadonite, celestite, cerargyrite, chabazite, chalcedony, chalcocite, chalconatronite, chalcopyrite, chalcotrichite, chamosite, chert, chloanthite, chlorargyrite, chlorastrolite, chlorite, clinochlore, clino-chrysotile, clinozoisite, collophane, columbite, copiapite, copper, coquimbite, cordierite, corrensite, corundum, covellite, crocidolite, cubanite, cummingtonite, cuprite, dahllite, datolite, daubreelite, delessite, diabantite, diallage, diamond, dickite, digenite, dihydrite, diopside, dioptase, djurleite, dolomite, domeykite, forsterite, francolite, freirinite, fuchsite, fulgurite, galena, garnet, garnierite, gersdorffite, gibbsite, glauconite, goethite, gold, halite, halloysite, halotrichite, harmotome, heterosite, heulandite, hisingerite, hollandite, hornblende,hyacinth, hydrocarbon, hydrohausmannite, hydromica, hydromuscovite, hydrotroilite, hypersthene, iddingsite, illite, ilmenite, isle royale greenstone, jacksonite, jacobsite, jasper, jaspilite, julgoldite, kamacite, kamiokite, kaolinite, kearsargeite, keweenawite, kinoite, koutekite, kupfferite, kutnahorite, kyanite, labradorite, langite, laumontite, lavendulan, lead, lechetelierite, ledouxite, leonhardite, lepidocrocite, lepidolite, manganoan siderite, manganocalcite, marcasite, margarite, marmolite, martite, masonite, maucherite, melaconite, melanochalcite, melanterite, melilite, mercury, mesolite, meta-autunite, metatorbernite, metatyuyamunite, microcline, millerite, minnesotaite, mirabilite, mohawk-algodonite, mohawkite, molybdenite, monazite, montmorillonite, muscovite, nacrite, nantokite, natrojarosite, natrolite, neltnerite, neotocite, niccolite, nontronite, oligoclase, oligonite, olivenite, olivine, orientite, orthoclase, ottrelite, palygorskite, paragonite, paramelaconite, pararammelsbergite, paratacamite, pargasite, patricianite, paxite, pectolite, pennine, pentlandite, peristerite, perthite, pharmacolite, phengite, phillipsite, phlogopite, phosphides, phosphorite, picrolite, picropharmacolite, pigeonite, pistacite, pitchblende, plagioclase, plancheite, plessite, polyhalite, posnjakite, powellite, prehnite, priorite, prochlorite, protolithionite, pyrolusite, pyrope, pyrophyllite, pyrostilpnite, pyroxene, pyrrhotite, quartz, rammelsbergite, rauenthalite, rhodochrosite, rhodonite, riebeckite, ripidolite, roscoelite, rubellan, rutherfordine, rutile, salite, salt, sanidine, saponite, saussurite, scapolite, scheelite, schefferite, schorl, schreibersite, scolectite, seamanite, semi-whitneyite, sericite, serpentine, siderite, silicon, sillimanite, silver, smaltite, smectite, soapstone, specularite, spessartite, sphalerite, sphene, spinel, spodumene, staurolite, steatite, stellerite, stibiodomeykite, stilbite, stilpnomelane, stinkstone, strontianite, sulfur, sussexite, sylvanite, sylvite, synchisite, szaibelyite, taenite, talc, tantalite, tellurium, tenorite, tetrahedrite, thomsonite, thuringite, tirodite, titanite, titanomagnetite, topaz, tourmaline, tremolite, trichalcite, tridymite, troilite, tyrolite, uralite, uraninite, uranothorite, uvarovite, vaterite,, vesuvianite, violarite, viridite, vivianite, vladimirite, wairakite, whitneyite, williamsite, wollastonite, wurtzite, xanthosiderite, xonotlite, zeolite, zircon, zoisite, zonochlorite There are over 2,000 minerals

  6. Minerals combine to form Rocks

  7. Some Rocks are made up of just one mineral- like rocksalt (made up of the mineral halite) that is mined near Detroit. Others Rocksare made up of many minerals - like the granitesand gneisses (made up of feldspars, quartz, and other minerals) found near Marquette.

  8. What is theRockCycle ? The rock cycle is a sequence of events involving the formation, alteration, destruction, and reformation of rocks as a result of natural processes such as magmatism (melting of rock into magma), erosion, transportation, deposition, lithification, and metamorphism. Glossary of Geology, Bates & Jackson, AGI

  9. The mantle, crust and surface of the earthcan be thought of as a giant recycling machine; rocks are neither created nor destroyed, but redistributed and transformed from one rock type to another. http://www.science.ubc.ca/~geol202/rock_cycle/rockcycle.html March 2000

  10. TheRock Cycleinvolves the recognition of three main classes of rocks all of which are found in Utah. The three rock types are …

  11. SedimentaryRocks MetamorphicRocks IgneousRocks CEMETERY INGENIOUS METABOLIC Right?

  12. Igneous Igneous means “born of fire”

  13. Igneous Rock... • is formed when sediments are melted and cooled

  14. Igneous ... • Cools Very Fast - glassy with holes • Cools Fast - glassy • Cools Slow- small crystals • Cools Very Slow- large crystals. As Cooling Time increases, Crystal Size increases.

  15. Bedrock Mag-ma!

  16. Into the Bedrock On top (Exit) intrusive extrusive (crystals) (no crystals)

  17. Sedimentary rock... • is formed when sediment that has been broken down in some way is pressed and cemented together.

  18. Sedimentary rocks are usually formed in a watery environment. • Often layered • Are the only rocks that contain fossils

  19. Sedimentary Rock... • Can have thick or thin layers • Loosely Compacted • Have distinct particles • (Usually) dull luster

  20. Metamorphic rock... • is formed when rocks are changed by heat and pressure.

  21. metamorphic... • Metamorphic rocks will often have foliation or a distorted structure.

  22. Bands (can) form Metamorphic means “changed” Metamorphic!

  23. Metamorphic... • Usually have Thin layers • Are Tightly Compacted • Have Blurred or stretched particles • & are Usually shiny

  24. Draw three ovals on your paper.

  25. What should go in the blue oval?

  26. Draw two blue arrows to the blue oval. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY

  27. Label the process for the two blue arrows THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY

  28. What should we label the green oval? THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, erosion, deposition, cementation, compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction

  29. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC What should we label them?

  30. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC Draw two green arrows to the green oval.

  31. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction METAMORPHIC What should we label them?

  32. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC Heat & Pressure What should we label the red oval?

  33. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Draw two red arrows toward the red oval.

  34. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure What should these red arrows be labeled?

  35. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure

  36. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure There are three arrows missing on this diagram. Can you guess what color the are and where they go?

  37. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure DOYOUNEEDA HINT?

  38. THE ROCK CYCLE SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Who got it right??

  39. THE ROCK CYCLE Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction SEDIMENTARY Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Compaction Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Melting & Cooling METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS Heat & Pressure Heat & Pressure Melting & Cooling Label the new arrows.

  40. The Rock Cycle Igneous metamorphic Sedimentary

  41. IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

  42. IGNEOUS Intrusive (Plutonic) Crystallization MAGMA

  43. Extrusive (volcanic) IGNEOUS Intrusive (plutonic) Crystallization MAGMA

  44. But then the EARTH’S elements Won’t leave The poor rock alone!

  45. Ice • wind • Water ice wind water

  46. They break up the stone

  47. Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  48. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  49. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  50. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

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