Software-Defined Underwater Acoustic Networking Platform

1. Dustin Torres, Jonathan Friedman, Thomas Schmid, Mani Srivastava University of California, Los Angeles Networked & Embedded Systems Laboratory Software-Defined Underwater Acoustic Networking Platform ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

2. Software-Defined Modem • Easy deployment/runtime reconfigurability • Fair comparison of underwater techniques • Study application level performance • Open source research tool ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

3. Underwater Acoustic Channel • Slow speed of propagation • High transmit/receive power • Severe multipath • Limited bandwidth • Frequency dependent attenuation ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

4. Multipath – Lab Environment Transmit: Receive: ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

5. Environment Noise Fluctuations Pool: Lab: ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

6. Software-Defined Modem • Easy deployment/runtime reconfigurability • Fair comparison of underwater techniques • Study application level performance • Open source research tool ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

7. Underwater Proposed Solutions ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

8. Need for Comparison Same hardware + Same test case + Same application Comparable results ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

9. Software-Defined Modem • Easy deployment/runtime reconfigurability • Fair comparison of underwater techniques • Study application level performance • Open source research tool ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

10. Current Modems • Dedicated hardware: • Flexibility is expensive • Software controllable: • Do not provide end-to-end network • Depend on commercial software offering limited community support ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

11. Software-Defined Modem • Easy deployment/runtime reconfigurability • Fair comparison of underwater techniques • Study application level performance • Open source research tool ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

12. Ability for Fast Prototype http://www.tinyos.net http://gnuradio.org/trac http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tux.png ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

13. Reconfigurable Hardware • USRP for more configurability • Sound card for low cost http://www.ettus.com/ ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

14. GNU Radio • Uses flow graphs to connect DSP blocks • Streaming samples, no notion of packet • Provides many native modulation schemes Python USRP Source Band Pass Filter FFT USRP C++ ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

15. Non-deterministic Latency • Latency introduced to and from USRP and host machine • For acoustics it is manageable due to low propagation speed and limited bandwidth ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

16. UANT Architecture Linux Emulated TinyOS Node Software Defined Radio (GNU Radio + USRP) Transducer ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

17. System Architecture ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

18. TinyOS in TOSSIM Control packet Receive data Transmit Packet ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

19. Protocols, Modulations, Configurability • GNU Radio • Modulations • FSK • CPM • 16/64 QAM • DQPSK • BPSK • OFDM • Rate • 1b/s ~ 500 kb/s • Hardware/software re-sampling • TinyOS • MAC • XMAC • BMAC • TDMA • ALOHA • Routing • DYMO • AODV • S4 • Hierarchical routing • Time Synchronization • FTSP ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

20. Evaluation • Intel core 2 Quad • 4GB memory • USRP LFTX/LFRX DC-30Mhz • Custom preamplifier and switch • ALOHA MAC layer • GMSK modulation • RESON TC4013 hydrophone/projector • Cost: $2000/$1300 with USRP/sound card ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

21. Custom Hardware ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

22. Field Deployable Linux Server ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

23. Analog Front-End ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

24. GUI ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

25. Application Level Performance ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

26. Application Level Performance ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

27. UANT Provides… • Easy deployment/runtime reconfigurability • Full control over every layer • Fair comparison of underwater techniques • Study application level performance • Open source research tool • Provides wide libraries of network protocols and physical layer modulations/techniques • Benefit from active community ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

28. Future Work • Implement more MAC options designed for underwater acoustics • Providing MAC access to PHY layer parameters • Reducing various latencies in UANT ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

29. Future Work ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)

30. Questions? • UANT source code and hardware design: http://projects.nesl.ucla.edu/projects/uant ACM's Workshop on UnderWater Networks (WUWNet 2009)