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DTT Project: Advancing Fusion Energy Technology for a Sustainable Future

The DTT Project is an integrated tokamak facility designed to develop and test power exhaust solutions and create conditions relevant to DEMO, the first fusion plant to provide electricity to the grid. It aims to advance fusion energy technology for a sustainable future.

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DTT Project: Advancing Fusion Energy Technology for a Sustainable Future

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  1. The DTT project – Il progetto DTT Raffaele Albanese* and the DTT executive board (R. Albanese, F. Crisanti, P. Martin, A. Pizzuto) on behalf of the DTT team * Consorzio CREATE / Univ. Napoli Federico II ILO Industrial Opportunities Days, Napoli, 6 June 2019

  2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Why DTT? • Whatis DTT? • DTT layout • DTT components • DTT management

  3. Introduction: Fusion vs fission E = m c2 • Advantages of fusion: • Abundance of fuel • Small amount of fuelneeded for reactor conditions • No pollution • No greenhouse effect • No direct nuclearwaste • No risk of severe accidents

  4. Introduction: Fusion on Earth • n•T•τ ≥ 5×1021m-3 s KeV Ignition condition: In the 90s the JET Tokamak achieved: • n•T•τ = 0.9×1021m-3 s KeV • Q= Pfus/Pin=(16MW/25MW)=0.6 Gravitational confinement Inertial confinement At the very high (100 million °C) temperaturesneeded for fusion the gas isfullyionizedand is a very good conductor: plasma(4th state of the matter). Magnetic confinement

  5. Why DTT? DTT aims • JET: In the 90’s the JET tokamak achieved 16 MW of nuclear fusion power from D-T reactions, with 25 MW of input power, i.e., with a fusion gain Q>0.6. • ITER: To improve Q, the current strategy aims to increase magnetic field, plasma current and machine dimensions. This is the mission of ITER, an international tokamak conceived in the 80’s under construction at Cadarache, France. The first plasma is expected in 2025. In the next decades ITER should produce Pfus=500 MW from Pin=50 MW with Q10. • DTT: The DTT is a facility conceived to develop and test controllable power exhaust solutions in an integrated environment and DEMO relevant conditions. • DEMO:According to the EU Fusion Roadmap, DEMO is expected to be the first fusion plant to provide electricity to the grid in the second half of this century.

  6. Why DTT? Fusion Roadmap

  7. Why DTT? EU Fusion Roadmap & DTT addedvalue The European fusion community identified eight important missions on the path towards fusion electricity: 1) Plasma regime of operation 2) Heat-exhaust system 3) Neutron resistant materials …. divertor plates www.euro-fusion.org/fileadmin/user_upload/EUROfusion/Documents/2018_TopLevel_Roadmap.pdf • DTT is a new device, where the modern technologies can be adopted and further developed; the presently operating tokamaks were designed about 40 years ago • By 2025 most of the plasma experiments built in the ‘80 will likely shut down and the experimental plasma physics activities are carried out on a few machines • DTT construction will keep industry linked to fusion field • DTT would be the ideal training device to grow the new ITER & DEMO generations

  8. Why DTT? EU Fusion Roadmap & DTT addedvalue • Plasma facing components to cope with very large power fluxes • 10-20 MWm-2 achieved Innovative materials (Liquid Metal PFCs) • Remove plasma energy before it reaches PFCs  radiation • Geometry + plasma physics Strike point sweeping (courtesy of JET)

  9. Whatis DTT? DTT = Divertor Tokamak Test facility is: • An Italian fully superconducting tokamak project • Under final design • To be built in ENEA Frascati Research Centre • Within the European roadmap to the realization of fusion energy • To study the power exhaust problem in: • an integrated environment • DEMO relevant conditions

  10. Whatis DTT? History Jul 15 DTT Project Proposal (“Blue Book”) Jul 17 European workshop on DTT roles and objectives -> Eurofusion PEX-AHG Dec 17 Call for interest open to all Italian Regions to host DTT Apr–Sep 18 Appeal to the supreme court by some regions against the results of the call Apr–Aug 18 Cost revision committee on the “Blue Book” design Jul 18 First Design review meeting to address the recommendations from the Eurofusion PEX-AHG Oct 18 DTT management organization set-up Apr 19 DTT Interim Design Report (“Green Book”) “Green book” “Blue book” 30th SOFT 2015 2018 2017 2019 https://www.dtt-project.enea.it/downloads/DTT_IDR_2019_WEB.pdf

  11. What is DTT? Parameters + technology Flexibility and DEMO relevant technologies

  12. DTT layout: Site & torus hall 9 sites were proposed from all over Italy “CasaleMonferrato” (TO) “Ferrania” (SV) “La Spezia” (SP) “Porto Marghera” (VE) “CR ENEA Brasimone” (BO) “Cittadella Della Ricerca” (BR) “CR ENEA Frascati” (RM) “Capitolo San Matteo” (SA) “Manoppello” (PE) “CR ENEA Frascati” (RM)

  13. DTT layout: DTT machine at a glance ~11 m ~11 m

  14. DTT layout: Neutronics • Neutron yield issignificant for a DD device (1.5x1017 n/s from DD and 1.5x1015 n/s DT) • Radiation & loads to be takeninto account for the design of DTT components • Neutroninducedradioactivity calls for remote handling • Tokamak building wallsatleast 220 cm to comply with limits for professional workers (300 Sv/yr) outside the building and for public (10 Sv/yr) atabout 40 m distance from the building

  15. DTT components: Magnet system 18 Toroidal Field coils Nb3SnCable-In-ConduitConductors 5 Double-Pancakes(3 regular + 2 side) 6 Central Solenoidmodule coils Nb3SnCable-In-ConduitConductors 6 independentmodules 6 Poloidal Field coils 4 NbTiCable-In-ConduitConductors 2 Nb3SnCable-In-ConduitConductors 6 independentmodules Design based on proven and reliable technologies

  16. DTT components: Vacuum vessel ~ 2.2 m ~ 4 m

  17. DTT components: In-vessel components • Design requirements compatibility: • liquid lithium divertor (closed cycle) • remote handling system • In-vessel magneticdiagnostics • In-vessel control coils • DEMO Materials • electromagneticloads FW inboard module: 2 modules per VV sector for RH limitations EUROfusion decision on the first divertor planned in 2023  flexibility needed to incorporate it inside the DTT vessel FW outboard: plane modules plus a top part per VV sector for RH limitations and loads

  18. DTT components: Flexibility required

  19. DTT components: Constraints 9.1T

  20. DTT components: Heating system

  21. DTT components: Power supply system The power supply system has to feed 6 superconducting modules of the central solenoid, 6 poloidal field superconducting coils, 18 toroidal field superconducting coils designed for a current up to 45 kA, the in-vessel coils for plasma fast control and vertical stabilization, the ELM/RWM coils, the negative neutral beam injectors, the electron and ion cyclotron additional heating systems, and, finally, the auxiliary systems and services.

  22. DTT components: Cryostat Top Lid MainCylinder Basement

  23. DTT management: Organizational chart

  24. DTT management: Investments

  25. DTT management: Main procurements and services 4. Heating system: IonCyclotron Electron Cyclotron NeutralBeamInjector 5. Cryocooler 6. Control & data acquisition 7. Remote maintenance 8. Buildings 9. Assembly 1.Superconducting Magnets: Strands: Nb3Sn and NbTi * Cables Magnets (coils+casings) Externalstructure 2. Vessel/In-Vessel: Vacuum Chamber First Wall Divertor 3. Power Supplies: CS, PF, TF & protection systems Additionalheating Auxiliaries Distribution systems * Call for nomination + prequalification + call for tender phasesconcluded: evaluationongoing

  26. DTT management: Type of companies, services, contracts • Most procurements will be oriented to the SMEs • In a fewcases the biddersshouldhave high financialcapacity • Services are expected to be requiredmainlyduring the assembly and operationphases • Due to the tight schedule, call for tender specswill be based on wellassessed design and proventechnology • Framework contracts and open procurements are deemedtoorisky for a timelyconstructionwithin budget • Procurements will be typicallybased on Call for Nomination, Pre-qualification, Call for Tender or Negotiated Procedure limited to pre-qualified candidates

  27. DTT management: Timeline Design completion Tender phase Manufacturing

  28. DTT management: Next steps • Apr 2018: Frascati selected as DTT site • July 2018: 1st Design Review Meeting of major components • End 2018: Launched first call for tender procedure (for SC strands) • End 2018: Recruitment of ENEA personnel started • Mar 2019: 2nd Design Review Meeting • Apr 2019 : DTT Interim Design Report • Fall 2019 : Establishment of DTT Consortium, Award of SC strand contract, TF coil tender, Loan activated by EIB after licensing • 2022-2023: Decision on divertor configuration (PEX) • 2022-2025: Assembly and commissioning • End 2025: First experimental plasma: 3T, 2 MA • 2025 : Operations

  29. DTT management: Further information For further information: www.dtt-project.enea.it fsn@enea.it

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