Emotional and Social Development, Ages 1-3

1. Emotional and Social Development, Ages 1-3 • Welcome back! April 21, 2014 • Today’s Agenda: • Emotional and Social Development between ages 1 and 3 • Bell ringer • Video: Toddler Self Esteem • Notes: Emotional and Social Development

2. Emotional patterns • Emotional development goes in cycles throughout a child’s development. • Periods of negativism, rebellion, happiness, calmness, stability. • Generally around certain ages, though all are different. These are general guidelines. • Create roller coaster

3. 18 months • Self-centered – think only about their own needs and wants, and not those of others. • Up until now, all needs have been met on demand. Starts to change around this age. • Favorite word: “’No!”

4. Negativism • Doing the opposite of what others want • Normal for a toddler • They want independence – say no because want to decide for themselves • They are frustrated – bodies can’t always do what they want, language skills aren’t developed enough to express what they want, so very frustrated! Ends up as “No!”

5. Battle of wills • Parents fight with child and it goes back and forth – no one gives in • Strategies to help prevent this: • Put things away you don’t want touched • Positive guidance • Give choices – give them some control • Redirect the child – attention off the issue • Encourage talking – help them learn to say what they want or feel

6. 2 years (Terrible?) • More emotionally stable – speech and motor skills have improved = less frustration • Understand more and can wait a bit longer for needs to be met • Expresses love and affection freely • Seeks approval and praise • Easier to reason with • Less self-centered

7. 2 ½ years • Learning so much, often overwhelmed • Comprehension and desires exceed their physical abilities – blocks get knocked over • Know what they want to say – not always recognizable by adults • Strongly want independence – do not want to conform

8. 2 ½ continued • Independence and immaturity clash • At this age, are stubborn, demanding, and domineering • Moods change rapidly: from screaming to loving in no time • Need consistency! Same routines, carried out the same way, everyday. Way of coping with confusing world.

9. Giving Choices • How would you deal with the below situations in offering this child a choice: • Luis wants to wear a new top while working in the garden • John wants to eat candy for breakfast • Bobby wants the toy that Matt is using • Katrina wants to take a plastic toy with her to bed

10. 3 year old • Generally happy and cooperative • Learning to be considerate • More physical capabilities – less frustration • More willing to take direction • Will change behavior to get praise – which they want • Like to talk and better are at it • Can be reasoned with and controlled with words

11. 3 ½ years • Become very insecure • Fears are common • Afraid of the dark, lions and tigers, monsters, strangers, or loud noises • May start new habits of self-comfort: thumb sucking, nail biting of nose picking to release tension • Try to ensure security by controlling environment

12. Good Morning! 4/23/14 • Today’s Agenda: • Bell ringer – compare contrast with partner • Finish Emotional and Social Development notes • Complete study guide as review

13. Compare/Contrast • What are the different ways a 2 year old and a 3 year old might respond to these situations? • An adult who wants to help the child with everything • Starting a new child care situation • Visiting a parents workplace

14. Specific emotions • Anger – way of reacting to frustration • Expression changes over this stage: • 18 months – kick and scream • 3 years – use words • Target of anger • 18 months – no specific person or object • 3 years – likely to aim at person or object they see as responsible for causing frustration

15. Anger • More frequent in anxious and insecure children • Children who haven't learned self-control • Children whose parents are overly critical • Whose parents are inconsistent • Help them by: • Making sure demands are limited and reasonable • Respond in a controlled way

16. Fear • Have particular fears at each age • 1 year old: high places, strangers, loud noises • 3 year old: dark, animals and storms • Can be useful: keep them away from danger • Others will be overcome with development

17. Separation Anxiety • Fear of being away from parents or caregivers • Hard on parents – feel guilty leaving • Is a stage they will go through and grow out of

18. Coping with separation anxiety • Parents can: • Offer support and understanding • Encourage child to talk and fears and listen to them • Sometimes accept it and avoid it for awhile, will go away • Read books together about a child who experiences fear • Make unfamiliar situations more secure – talk about it or go one time to be familiar – know what to expect

19. Jealousy • Shows up sometime in the 2nd year • Parents – may resent affection shown between • Siblings – rivalry develops • New baby • Changes in routine or family dynamics • Make sure all children know they are loved • Try to have time with each child individually • Try not to compare children to each other

20. Love and affection • Relationships that children have with others in these years form the basis of their capacity for love and affection later in life. • Young children must learn to love • 1st – love of those who satisfy their needs • Then grows to siblings, pets, and people outside of their home • Relationship should be strong but not smothering

21. Individual Differences • Remember! Each child is unique! • Develop emotionally in different ways • Partly due to experiences – opportunities • Partly due to how many siblings • Partly due to temperament (Intense, perceptive?) • Knowing child’s temperament can help in dealing with behavior (perceptive).

22. Developing positive self-concept • Self concept – how they see themselves • Different from self-esteem • Formed in response to actions, attitudes and comments from others • Believe what others say about them, which leads to how they behave – “good”, “bad” • Help them by letting them master skills

23. Signs of healthy emotional relationship between parent and child Child seeks approval and praise from parents Child turns to parents for comfort and help Child tells parents about significant events so they share in joy or sorrow Child accepts limits and discipline without unusual resistance

24. Review Emotional roller coaster – normal! Many emotions are developing – know them, how to cope with them, and how to help them through these Positive self concept Study guide

25. Let’s Discuss Annie (2 years old) is in the toy store with her father. From the way she is acting, he thinks she was about to have a temper tantrum. What might he do to prevent it? How should he handle the tantrum is she has one? What can caregivers/parents do to help a child develop a positive self-concept?