NAME OF CONFERENCE??, 19-20 June 2013 Lomé, Togo

1. Men, Gender Equality and Gender Relations in MaliFindings from the International Men and Gender Equality Survey NAME OF CONFERENCE??, 19-20 June 2013 Lomé, Togo

2. Research Objectives • To assess men’s current practices and attitudes on a wide range of gender-related issues • To assess the differences and similarities between the attitudes and practices of men and women as they relate to gender norms and notions of masculinity • To identify factors that contribute to more gender-equitable attitudes and practices among men

3. Research Topics • Associations between gender norms and: • Violence Against Women • Sexual and Reproductive Health • women’s and men’s household contributions in a poverty context • religious and cultural beliefs • household decision-making • men’s and women’s sexual practices • the division of labor at household level • the socialization of girls and boys

4. Research Methodology • Funded by CARE Norge and UNWOMEN • Promundo contracted as lead consulting firm • Collaboration with the Institut National des Statistiques (INSTAT) • Use of the International Men and Gender Equality Survey (IMAGES) • Use of Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews

5. Research Methodology, cont’d

6. Main Findings: Perceptions on Gender Equality • 86.9% of men and 62% of women believe gender equality is an imported issue (externally imposed) • 54.5% of men and 39.7% of women believe gender equality has already been achieved in most of the country • 53.8% of men and 28.9% of women believe that gender equality has already reached an advanced level • 62.8% of men and 59% of women believe gender equality only benefits the rich

7. Main Findings: Gender Roles & Norms • Men as “natural” decision makers and heads of HH • Men should have the final say in HH decisions • A woman’s most important role is to take care of her home and family • A “good wife” should show respect to men • Men contribute very little to household chores • Gender inequitable distribution of household chores between women and men

8. Main Findings: Gender Roles & Norms, cont’d

9. Main Findings: Gender Roles & Norms, cont’d

10. Main Findings: Gender Roles & Norms, cont’d

11. Main Findings: Gender Roles & Norms, cont’d • A man should be a model for his children • A man should be “honest and faithful” • A man should be able to sexually satisfy his wife and treat her gently • Women and men should jointly decide about family planning

12. Main Findings: Violence • Almost half of all respondents witnessed men’s use of violence against their mothers when they were children • A large proportion of female and male respondents experienced sexual violence, psychological violence, and physical violence before the age of 18

13. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d • 41% of women reported ever having been a victim of physical violence from a male partner • 35% of men reported ever having used physical violence against a female partner • 63% of men and 41.3% of women agreed that “there are times when a woman deserves to be beaten

14. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d

15. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d • Women in polygamous unions reported statistically significant higher rates of IPV

16. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d • Women with an income reported greater experience of IPV compared to women with no income

17. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d • Disturbing perceptions about sexual violence against women

18. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d • Exposure to violence during childhood was found to be strongest single predictor of women’s experience of IPV in adulthood • Exposure to violence during childhood found to be strongest single predictor of men’s use of IPV in adulthood

19. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d

20. Main Findings: Violence, cont’d

21. Main Findings: Determinants of Gender Equitable Attitudes

22. Main Findings: Determinants of Gender Equitable Attitudes, cont’d

23. Main Findings: Determinants of Gender Equitable Attitudes, cont’d

24. Main Findings: Determinants of Gender Equitable Attitudes, cont’d

25. Recommendations • Build on the more positive aspects of Malian masculinity that were noted by female and male respondents • Create more spaces and opportunities that enable men to discuss the stresses and responsibilities commonly associated with “being a man” • Direct efforts toward the legal context for the development and implementation of national strategies to promote gender equity and the protection of women’s and girls’ rights • Develop and implement national strategies that integrate men and boys in a meaningful manner • Promote strategies aiming to change traditional assumptions about men

26. Using the Data • National/policy level • Build strategic alliances around male engagement in order to influence national policy • Influence national gender policy review process to include masculinity and male engagement • Integrate masculinity issues/considerations in the sector strategies of 5 ministerial departments • Integrate masculinity in school curricula • Civil Society • Strengthen the capacity of CSOs on male engagement • Work with CSOs to integrate masculinity and male engagement in their organizational policies/strategies

27. Using the Data, cont’d • Community Level • Trainings on masculinity and gender • Community activism around male engagement • Healthy masculinity photo campaign and/or develop a comic book on healthy masculinity

28. Acknowledgements • CARE Mali extends its thanks to: • The women and men who participated in the interviews • CARE Norway • UNWOMEN • Institut National des Statistiques • Promundo • Association Malienne pour le Suivi et l’Orientation des Pratiques Traditionnelles (AMSOPT) • Réseau des Femmes Africaines Ministres et Parlementaires (REFAMP) • Appui à la Promotion des Aides Familiales/MusoDanbé (APAF MusoDanbé) • Women in Law and Development in Africa • Cellules d’Appui à l’Education de Base (CAEB) • Groupe Pivot/Droit et Citoyenneté • Right to Play/Mali