Poultry Improvement Contest

1. Poultry Improvement Contest Fats, Minerals, and Vitamins

2. Review • Nutrition • Six Essential Nutrients • Water • Fats • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Minerals • Vitamins

3. Fats • Fats also contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen but in different ratios than carbohydrates. • Fats contain about 2 1/4 times the energy value of carbohydrates

4. Why Feed Fat? • Aids in absorption of certain vitamins. • Increases the palatability of the ration. • Decreases dustiness and dryness of the ration. • Increases the production energy of the ration. • Found as a component in every cell in the body.

5. Fats are composed of fatty acids and glycerol. • Fats are either saturated or unsaturated. • They differ in chemical make up.

6. Essential Fatty Acids • Fatty acids are required by chickens • Without them they grow poorly, and can get fatty livers. • Large amounts of fishy or rancid flavors are undesirable to the chicken and will flavor the meat.

7. Minerals • Minerals are inorganic(not made from carbon). • Exist primarily in the form of salts and ash. • Essential for bone and eggshell formation and regulatory processes in the body.

8. Essential Minerals • Poultry require calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, iodine, selenium, and molybdenum. • Macrominerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and sodium are required in the largest amounts and must be included as additives in the ration.

9. Calcium • Required for • Bone and eggshell formation. • Blood clotting. • Muscular actions. • Lack of calcium • Causes rickets which results in soft rubbery bones and thin shelled eggs. • Limestone is provided to laying hens in the form of grade limestone and oyster or clam shells.

10. Phosphorus • Important mineral needed by the bone. • Its need goes hand in hand with calcium. • Sources include: • Dicalcium phosphate • Bone meal • Defluorinated rock

11. Sodium and Potassium • Essential in maintaining electrolyte balance in body. • Poultry deficient in potassium have: • Reduced growth • Increase in kidney and urinary problems • Poultry deficient in sodium have: • Poor growth • A nervous condition that may bring on cannibalism • Poor utilization

12. Potassium usually is in the ration. • Sodium is usually added in small amounts as common table salt. • Magnesium • Is important to the tissues and body fluids.

13. Vitamins • Complex organic structures essential in minute amounts for: • Growth • Reproduction • Overall health • The purpose of vitamins is body regulation rather than development and structure.