Digital and institutional repositories: emerging architectures

1. Digital and institutional repositories: emerging architectures A short workshop moderated by Steve Hitchcock, School of Electronics and Computer Science (ECS), Southampton University On 21 and 22 June, 2006, at the SCONUL Conference 2006, Newcastle-upon-Tyne

2. The workshop brief The question for repositories is not which software you should choose, but which applications and services you want to support. With growing numbers of institutional repositories and increasing commitment within institutions, alongside an active and growing programme of development more broadly in digital repositories, notably that sponsored by JISC in the UK, this is a picture that could change significantly in the next few years. This workshop will provide the opportunity to explore and discuss, from institutional perspectives, some of these developments, with a view to anticipating emerging architectures that could support expanded repository capabilities.

3. What is an IR? Lynch 2003 “a university-based institutional repository is a set of services that a university offers to the members of its community for the management and dissemination of digital materials created by the institution and its community members. It is most essentially an organizational commitment to the stewardship of these digital materials, including long-term preservation where appropriate, as well as organization and access or distribution. ….. An institutional repository is not simply a fixed set of software and hardware.” Cliff Lynch, 2003 http://www.arl.org/newsltr/226/ir.htm

4. What the workshop is NOT about Open access Technical interoperability (OAI-PMH, METS, Z39.50, SRW, AJAX, Web 2.0, etc., see Augmenting interoperability across scholarly repositories, New York, April 2006 http://msc.mellon.org/Meetings/Interop/ ) National repository services (Linking UK Repositories) Departmental repositories (e.g. Caltech) Consortium repositories (e.g. White Rose)

5. Schematic by Liz Lyon, UKOLN, for eBank UK project Searching , harvesting, embedding Resource discovery, linking, embedding Resource discovery, linking, embedding Data creation / capture / gathering: laboratory experiments, Grids, fieldwork, surveys, media Data analysis, transformation, mining, modelling Learning object creation, re-use Aggregator services: eBank UK Harvestingmetadata Learning & Teaching workflows Research & e-Science workflows Repositories : institutional, e-prints, subject, data, learning objects Institutional presentation services: portals, Learning Management Systems, u/g, p/g courses, modules Deposit / self-archiving Deposit / self-archiving Validation Validation Publication Resource discovery, linking, embedding Validation Linking Peer-reviewed publications: journals, conference proceedings Quality assurance bodies Data curation: databases & databanks

6. OCLC 2003 environmental scan

7. RepoMMan project, Hull

8. What this workshop IS about The institutional repository The institutional perspective The multi-repository institution Where does it exist? What does it look like? What will it look like? Your view

9. Edinburgh example: now We have at present: • A catalogue repository with records for ejournals and ebooks (and some web sites), which we feel should be accommodated in separate repositories; • a single repository for 'research outputs' (eprints, research papers and reports, and theses); • a proto-research publications repository (currently serving as our RAE publications repository); • Separate repositories for image and museum collections; • a learning objects repository; • an archives repository; • and a proto-repository for locally digitised research collections (with little in it, but quite a lot of planning done). Thanks to John MacColl for this example

10. Edinburgh example: next? We wish to develop this into a more efficient architecture by: • splitting out the catalogue records by their various types; • splitting out the research outputs into separate repositories; • introducing an image/musuem management system (currently being implemented); • introducing a licence management system (currently being implemented); • creating a digital records repository (not started); • migrating the locally digitised research collections from one system (Endeavor ENCompass) to another (probably Dspace). We are also seeking to • apply a federated search engine to the entire architecture (WebFeat, currently being implemented).

11. Repository data types Open Access (published papers. preprints, tech. reports, etc.) Electronic Theses and Dissertations Teaching & Learning E-science, datasets Research Information (CRIS) Multimedia (audio, video, images, museum collections) Digitisation Publishing Preservation Administration

12. Open source software? Open source software DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, Moodle, Bodington, Sakai, Plone ….

13. Repository data types EPrints DSpace Moodle, Bodington, Sakai, Plone EPrints Bepress Fedora Open Access ETDs T&L Datasets Multimedia CRIS Digitisation Publishing Preservation Administration ?Examination papers?? Web pages Structured databases ???

14. Open source or Services? Open source software DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, Moodle, Bodington, Sakai, Plone …. IR Services Open Repository (based on DSpace), EPrints Services

15. Multi-repository institution ??? ??? I N T E R OPERAB ILITY Open Access CRIS ETDs Digitisation T&L Publishing Datasets Preservation Multimedia Administration

16. An interoperating network? “Repository deployment is fragmented, and repositories tend to exist in isolation rather than being embedded into an interoperating network of services. “We've got bits and pieces but it doesn't operate as a whole and there are big gaps in provision in some areas.”Within institutions, repositories tend not to inter-work with other applications. Nor are they well integrated with other institutional repositories (although there are some examples of innovative workflows, for example between laboratory repository and cross-institutional repository in R4L/eBank).” R4L: Repository for the Laboratory http://r4l.eprints.org/ eBank UK http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/projects/ebank-uk/ Rachel Heery and Andy Powell, Digital Repositories Roadmap: looking forward, JISC, April 2006 http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/rep-roadmap-v15.doc

17. The Institutional Repository ??? Open Access CRIS ??? ETDs Digitisation Publishing T&L Preservation Datasets Multimedia Administration

18. Open source or Services or LMS? Open source software DSpace, EPrints, Fedora, Moodle, Bodington, Sakai, Plone …. IR Services Open Repository (based on DSpace), EPrints Services IR Services + library management systems VTLS VITAL (Fedora), Proquest (Digital Commons), Ex Libris (DigiTools)

19. The Digital Library Library Management System Institutionally-generated content Open Access Library content Library Services: OPAC OpenURL resolver E-journals Etc. CRIS ETDs Digitisation T&L Publishing Datasets Preservation Multimedia ??? Administration ???

20. What is an IR? Lynch 2006 “As I've looked more at various institutional deployments and planned deployments, I think that the distinction between digital libraries, digital collection management systems, digital archives, and institutional repositories is less clear than I might have felt in 2003." Cliff Lynch, 2006, quoted in http://poynder.blogspot.com/2006/03/institutional-repositories-and-little.html

21. Networkflows "Historically, users have built their workflow around the services the library provides. As we move forward, the reverse will increasingly be the case. On the network, the library needs to build its services around its users' work- and learn-flows (networkflows). "one of the discussion points around institutional repositories is about which goals they support: open access, curation of institutional intellectual assets, reputation management. And which processes? Over time, it is clear that what we now call institutional repositories will be part of wider research process support. What is currently the institutional repository will be a component of the workflow/curation/disclosure apparatus that develops to support research activities." Lorcan Dempsey, Networkflows, January 2006 http://orweblog.oclc.org/archives/000933.html

22. Integration, workflow, portals The role of the repository will influence the level of integration and interaction required. Where a repository is being used for multiple content types and as an everyday working tool then greater integration is required to allow it to take on this role. Integration may also be focussed at the presentation level for end-user interaction (e.g., presenting a search or deposit screen within a portal) or can be at the data level for the exchange of information between systems. Alma Swan and Chris Awre, LINKING UK REPOSITORIES, A6.6 Repository integration in local infrastructure http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/Linking_UK_repositories_appendix.pdf

23. The Digital Library Portal Library Management System Institutionally-generated content Open Access Library content Library Services: OPAC OpenURL resolver CRIS ETDs Digitisation T&L Publishing Datasets Preservation Multimedia ??? Administration ???

24. Embedding IRs in institutional strategy “Often institutions are not clear as to their strategy for establishing repositories. There are real benefits for institutions in effectively managing their digital assets (promoting research outcomes, fulfilling preservation responsibilities, facilitating added value services such as overlay journals, data mining, etc). Such benefits can be assisted by leveraging the open access agenda. Despite this, repositories are not yet fully embedded in institutional strategy and there is perhaps a misplaced confidence that institutions will take on the full range of repository business functions. Interoperability between institutional libraries, repositories, learning management systems and MIS is still rare.“ Rachel Heery and Andy Powell, Digital Repositories Roadmap: looking forward, JISC, April 2006 http://www.jisc.ac.uk/uploaded_documents/rep-roadmap-v15.doc

25. Assessing the costs From a spreadsheet on the costs of setting up and maintaining Open Source repository: "There was a range, from about $6,886.62 for a set-up cost, all the way to over $1 million." Rebecca Kemp, list posting, November 2005 http://www.library.yale.edu/~llicense/ListArchives/0511/msg00030.html

26. Wider frameworks Where do wider services – national frameworks and services, Web search and other Web services – fit into the institutional agenda? Need for IRs to be visible, searchable and usable by local and distant users

27. Summary • One repository or multi? • OSS vs Services vs extended LMS • IR or DL • Build around workflows • Embed in institutional strategy