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Revolutionizing Network Architecture: DOA for Embracing Middlebox Services

Explore the game-changing concept of Delegation-Oriented Architecture (DOA) as a solution for integrating middlebox services in network infrastructures. The presentation highlights the advantages, details, and examples of DOA, transforming traditional networking paradigms. Learn about the shift towards application-centric routing and the potential pros and cons of deploying DOA in modern networks.

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Revolutionizing Network Architecture: DOA for Embracing Middlebox Services

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  1. Middleboxes No Longer Considered Harmful Michael Walfish et al. Presented by Steve Ko • Some part of the slides are from the original authors’ slides

  2. Outline • Motivation • DOA Overview • DOA Details • Pros and Cons • Firewall Example • NAT Example • Conclusion

  3. Motivation • E2E Argument VS. Middleboxes • End-to-end argument • No application-intelligence in the network • Strict layering • Middleboxes • Successful, but ad-hoc • Many problems (NAT, firewall…) • Compromise?

  4. DOA Overview • DOA == Delegation-Oriented Architecture • Position • Let the network do the routing and take out middleboxes out of the network. • Let’s send requests to the middleboxes.

  5. DOA Overview (cont.) • Instead of doing things in the middle, DOA allows to do things explicitly by requests. • DOA adds an indirection layer between IP and TCP/UDP. • Applications don’t use IP anymore, but use different IDs used by DOA. • DOA provides an IP resolution mechanism (ID-IP mappings). • In order to resolve an IP, a packet should go through (multiple) middleboxes.

  6. body source EID IP hdr transport hdr destination EID DOA hdr DOA Details • Every node has a globally-unique ID. • Applications send packets with IDs, not IPs. • An ID is (eventually) resolved into an IP through a separate infrastructure (e.g. DHT). • Packet format

  7. Source EID: es IP: is DHT Delegate IP: j Process <eh, j> LOOKUP(eh) DOA j End-host EID: eh IP: ih body IP is j transport transport DOA es eh DOA es eh DOA Packet DOA Details (cont.) • Simplest Case

  8. DOA eseh DOA ese2eh body body IP is j IP jk DOA Details (cont.) • More complex case DHT LOOKUP(eh) Source EID: es IP: is <eh,e1e2> Delegate IP: k LOOKUP(e1) <e1, j> <e2, k> End-host EID: eh IP: ih LOOKUP(e2) Delegate IP: j

  9. DOA Details (cont.) • Source routing over an overlay of middleboxes. • The last middlebox knows how to reach the final destination.

  10. Pros and Cons • Pros • Middleboxes don’t sit in the middle. They become Internet services (hence, “delegated”). • Middleboxes are not ad-hoc anymore. • Middleboxes can be deployed easily (relatively). • Cons • Applications should be re-written (including DNS) • Latency is a big problem (TCP problem?)

  11. Firewall Source EID: es IP: is eh (ih, Rules) End-host eFW Sign (MAC) Network Stack eh eFW j EID: eFW j j es [eFW eh] is Verify <eFW, j> <eh, eFW> DHT es eh j ih EID: eh ih Firewall Example • Off-path firewall

  12. Firewall Example (cont.) • Firewalls are delegated to other machines. • It can be a firewall service provider. • Destinations have one simple rule (authenticated by the firewall).

  13. es ed es ed is is 5.1.9.9 10.1.1.3 ed 10.1.1.3 5.1.9.9 10.1.1.3 10.1.1.1 Source EID: es IP: is 5.1.9.9 Destination EID: ed ed DHT NAT NATed network NAT Example • Reincarnated NAT

  14. NAT Example (cont.) • Outside machines can initiate connections. • A same port can be used by many machines inside.

  15. Conclusion • DOA provides an architecture for middleboxes. • It enables “middlebox services”. • It reduces harmful effects of current middleboxes.

  16. Discussion • NAT & firewall, what else? • Will there be more middleboxes in the future?

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