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Changing Role of the Countryside

Changing Role of the Countryside. 10 February 2010 University of Eastern Finland Karelian Institute. Jukka Oksa jukka.oksa@uef.fi. Four keys to Understanding Finnish Rural Society.

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Changing Role of the Countryside

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  1. Changing Role of the Countryside 10 February 2010 University of Eastern Finland Karelian Institute Jukka Oksa jukka.oksa@uef.fi

  2. Four keys to Understanding Finnish Rural Society They have transformed historically the power structures, social actors, and the role of Finnish countryside, and their impact is still felt. • Forestry and forest ownership • Settlement policies (land reforms) • Finnish Welfare State and self-government of municipalities • Relationship to Technology: Finland's Way into Information Society

  3. Waves of Development in Rural Areas in Finland

  4. Peasant Countryside Productivist Countryside Countryside of Consumption Three Stages of the Role of Rural Areas 1950 1970 1990 2000

  5. Changing role of the countryside Peasant Countryside Productivist Countryside Countryside of Consumption Rural areas is the backbone of the Society Rural areas in the Welfare State Rural environ-ment for housing and a source of quality experience Three Stages of the Role of Rural Areas • Rural settlements and clearing of farming land • Self-relying farm and self-relying Finland • Land reforms • Finland was one the peasant states of the ”European Green Ring” • Efficient food production; larger, mechanised and specialised farms • Guaranteed flow of raw wood to pulp and paper industries • Agricultural income is a part of centralised income agreements • Welfare State goes to rural areas Certificates of origin (eg. organic products) Locality as a product brand Commuting to work in Centres Competition for inhabitants and visitors Place for good and ethical life 1950 1970 1990 2000

  6. Changing Mechanism of Exclusion Peasant Countryside Productivist Countryside Countryside of Consumption Role of rural areas Land, food, places for living Raw materials, labour reserve Quality, experience, identity Being left without land To be forsaken outside income distribution and reforms Loosing connections to markets and networks The way of exclusion Policy response Land & settlement policies Rural Welfare State New Rural Policy, projects Local way of action Village Municipality Congregation Protest Politics Interest lobbies Local services New Coalitions New Networks Social innovation ? ? ?

  7. Kiihtelysvaara Emerging problems in the capability of municipalities to provide public services Background: Autonomy of municipalities with strong local identity Sectoral and professional divides of the Welfare State Present problems: Problems of local municipality budgets to meet the needs Sector based efficiency criteria of the public services cuts away local small service units. Ilomantsi

  8. * ContactsJukka OksaUniversity of Eastern FinlandKarelian InstitutePO Box 111, FIN-80101 Joensuu, FinlandPhone +358-(0)13-251 2454jukka.oksa@uef.fiThis file is available athttp://cc.joensuu.fi/~alma/lue/ *

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