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COLLISION AVOIDANCE. A Different Perspective. What Different Perspective?. No Boring Statistics ! No Boring Discussion on the Limitations of the Human Eye ! No “How to Scan for Traffic” Sermon . The Goals. Define the Problem Offer Solutions. BUT FIRST . . .
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COLLISION AVOIDANCE
A Different Perspective
What Different Perspective?
- No Boring Statistics !
- No Boring Discussion on the Limitations of the Human Eye !
- No “How to Scan for Traffic” Sermon
The Goals
- Define the Problem
- Offer Solutions
BUT FIRST . . .
. . . a little review !
The Holy Grail
FAR 91 . 113
. . . Vigilance shall be maintained by each person operating an aircraft so as to see and avoid other aircraft.
THE CHALLENGE
- As the National Airspace System becomes increasingly complex, the threat of mid-air collisions involving general aviation recreational aircraft will increase !
- Mid-air collisions usually involve fatalities - there are no fender-benders in the air !
DOES NOT INCLUDE -
- FAR Part 121 / 135 Aircraft
- Military Aircraft
- Public Use Aircraft
SAFER SKIESA Focused Agenda
- Pilot Judgment & Decision-making
- Loss of Aircraft Control
- Weather Factors
- Survivability
- Collision Avoidance
INTERESTINGHUMAN LIMITATIONS
- Empty-Field Myopia
- Blind Spots
- Fixation / Distractions
What does all of this mean ?
- Because of physical limitations and the increasingly complex nature of our airspace system, the potential for a mid-air collision is very real and will remain a serious threat to general aviation safety !
THE STRATEGY !
- WHEN are mid-air collisions most likely to occur ?
- WHERE is the potential for a mid- air collision the greatest ?
- WHAT can the pilot do to prevent or minimize this threat ?
WHEN ?
- VFR WEATHER
- BELOW 3,000 FEET AGL
- WITHIN 10 MILES OF DEPARTURE AIRPORT
- WEEKENDS
WHERE ?
- WITHIN 10 MILES OF NON-TOWER AIRPORTS
- TRANSITION TO/FROM THE TRAFFIC PATTERN
- PRIMARILY IN THE TRAFFIC PATTERN !
Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Traffic Pattern, but . . .
- FAR 91 . 113
- FAR 91 . 126
- FAR 91 . 127
- AIM
FAR 91 . 126
When approaching to land at an airport without an operating control tower . . . each pilot of an airplane must make all turns of that airplane to the left [ unless otherwise designated ].
FAR 91 . 127
When operating in the vicinity of an airport in Class E airspace, comply with FAR 91.126
Furthermore . . .
Aeronautical Information Manual
Chapter 4 Section 3
Airport Operations
FAA Advisory Circular 91-66A
Recommended Standard Traffic Patterns and Practices For Operations At Airports Without Operating Control Towers
CONFUSING ?
You Bet !
SURVIVAL STRATEGIESThe Sequel !
Know where the potential for conflict is the greatest !
Traffic Pattern
(Specifically Final Approach)
The TRAFFICPattern !
- Downwind Leg - 2%
- Base Leg - 18%
- Final Approach - 80%
(F)USTALL
- Look out - and LOOK OUT!
- Where & When to ESPECIALLY look?
- Constantly checking for traffic should be a habit - a way of life. Without it you may not have a life…!
SURVIVAL STRATEGIESPart Three
RADIOS -
use them or lose them !
Report positions frequently, and accurately, when operating in the vicinity of a non-tower airport.
It’s all up to you!
- Be aware - responsibility for mid-air collision avoidance is in YOUR hands!
- ‘ SEE AND BE SEEN’!
- Check your attitude - no-one is invulnerable.
Thanks for listening - any questions…?
Lou Frank
