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Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 12e James M. Henslin

Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 12e James M. Henslin. Chapter 14 The Economy. The Transformation of Economic Systems. Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age.

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Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 12e James M. Henslin

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  1. Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach, 12eJames M. Henslin Chapter 14 The Economy

  2. The Transformation of Economic Systems • Preindustrial Societies: The Birth of Inequality • Industrial Societies: The Birth of the Machine • Postindustrial Societies: The Birth of the Information Age

  3. The Transformation of Economic Systems Continued • Biotech Societies: The Merger of Biology and Economics • Implications for your Life

  4. The commonsense meaning of market is a place where people exchange or buy and sell goods. Such old-fashioned markets remain common in the Least Industrialized Nations, such as this one in Peshawar, Pakistan. Here people find the social interaction every bit as rewarding as the goods and money that they exchange.

  5. The answer to “What is the proper role of children in an economy?” varies by social class, culture, economic development, and historical period. On the left is a boy working in a Pennsylvania coal mine about 1908. On the right is a girl working in a rice field in Madagascar today.

  6. The Transformation of the Medium of Exchange • Earliest Mediums of Exchange • Medium of Exchange in Agricultural Societies • Medium of Exchange in Industrial Societies • Medium of Exchange in Postindustrial Societies

  7. World Economic Systems • Capitalism • Socialism • Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism • Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism • The Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism

  8. Capitalism • What Capitalism Is • Private ownership of means of production • Market competition • Pursuit of profit • What State Capitalism Is • The Development of State Capitalism

  9. This advertisement from about 1885 represents an early stage of capitalism when individuals were free to manufacture and market products with little or no interference from the government. Today, the production and marketing of goods take place under detailed, complicated government laws and regulations.

  10. Socialism • What Socialism Is • Public ownership of the means of production • Central planning • Distribution of goods without profit motive • Socialism in Practice • Democratic Socialism

  11. The wealthy, whether capitalist or socialist, can afford most anything, including trophy spouses. It is usually successful men who marry women much younger than themselves, such as such as Bruce Willis, age 58, and his wife, Emma Heming, age 35. This pattern will continue, but with changing norms we can expect more financially successful women to marry younger men.

  12. Ideologies of Capitalism and Socialism & Criticisms of Capitalism and Socialism • Each perceives the other system as one of exploitation • Capitalism leads to social inequality • Socialism does not respect individual rights

  13. Propaganda to influence public opinion surrounds us, but most propaganda is covert, difficult to recognize. During economic political conflicts, much propaganda moves into the open. The World War II propaganda poster on the left, from the United States, is intended to encourage Americans to sacrifice and soldiers to fight: The Nazis are killers. The propaganda poster on the right, from Nazi Germany, is intended to encourage Germans to sacrifice and soldiers to fight: Bolshevism means the world will drown in blood.

  14. The Convergence of Capitalism and Socialism • Convergence Theory • Transmergence Theory

  15. The Functionalist Perspective on the Globalization of Capitalism • The New Global Division of Labor • Capitalism in a Global Economy • Functions and Dysfunctions on a Global Scale

  16. The Conflict Perspective on the Globalization of Capitalism • Concentration of Power • The Global Superclass • Global Investing

  17. The small towns are filled with places like this— small businesses, locally owned, that have enough clientele for the owner and family to eke out a living. They have to offer low prices because there is a fast-food chain down the road. Fixing the sign? That’s one of those “I’ll get-to-its.”

  18. Work in U.S. Society • The Transition to Postindustrial Society • Women and Work • The Underground Economy • Stagnant Paychecks • Patterns of Work and Leisure

  19. Global Capitalism and Our Future • The New Economic System and the Old Divisions of Wealth

  20. We are in the midst of the globalization of capitalism. The explosion that is sending products around the world brings new ways of thinking to people in the Least Industrialized Nations. Many ideas are subtle, such as what refreshing drinks are.

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