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Impact of Prenatal Factors on Motor Development: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and More

Prenatal factors significantly influence motor development in infants, particularly through conditions associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), including Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), Alcohol-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND), and Alcohol-Related Birth Defects (ARBD), are major concerns in the U.S., affecting approximately 40,000 infants annually. FAS presents with severe intellectual and physical defects, while ARND and ARBD, often overlooked due to a lack of severe symptoms, occur three times more frequently than FAS. Understanding these factors is crucial for prevention and intervention.

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Impact of Prenatal Factors on Motor Development: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders and More

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  1. Prenatal Factors Affecting Motor Development

  2. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders • FAS • FAE • Alcohol related birth defects (ARBD) • Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

  3. Alcohol • Leading cause of birth defects in U.S. • ~ 40,000 infants/ year

  4. FAS • ARND & ARBD = occur ~ 3 times as often as FAS. • Currently based on Mother • Researchers studying male’s role.

  5. Full FASD = Intellectual and physical defects • FAE = less severe (ARND)

  6. (ARND) children = ignored due to “normalcy” “If a pregnant woman drinks alcohol but her child does not have all of the symptoms of FAS, it is possible that her child has an alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND).” retrieved from CDC-2/15/05- (http://www.cdc.gov)

  7. Characteristics of F.A.S

  8. FAS Facts • Secondary problems for FAS & ARND-difficulties in school, alcohol & drug abuse, problems with law, etc • 1998- $2.8 billion annual cost • 2006 – $5.4 billion

  9. Smoking • Maternal smoking linked with SIDS • SIDS: 3 to 4 times more likely to die from SIDS, when Moms smoke beforeandafter birth

  10. Drugs • Possible effects of Cocaine • Fetal Brain damage • Hypertension • LBW • Learning Disabilities

  11. Why are prescriptive drugs problematic to the fetus? • Would over-the-counter drugs be problematic?

  12. Chromosomal Disorders • Down Syndrome • AKA ? • Most common chromosomal alteration • 47 vs 46 chromosomes • seems to be age related

  13. Atlanto-Axial Subluxation • Cardiovascular defects • Motor development rates =same sequence, slower rate

  14. Motor DevelopmentResearch and Infants with Down Syndrome • Delays in emergence of reflexes • Delays in attaining motor milestones • Ulrich Research (p. 96)

  15. Maternal Diseases • Rubella • HIV • Genital herpes • Chlamydia

  16. Teen Pregnancy • Gallahue statistics

  17. PrenatalDiagnostic Procedures • Ultrasound • Amniocentesis

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