Degradation of organic micropollutants via Advanced Oxidation Process (UV/H 2 O 2 )

1. Degradation of organic micropollutants viaAdvanced Oxidation Process (UV/H2O2) Results pilot plant research 25-09-2009 Josanne Derks

2. Contents • Drinking water production from Meuse water • OMPs in drinking water source • Theory of AOP via UV/H2O2 • AOP pilot installation • Results • Conclusions • Further research/planning Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

3. Goals of AOP research project • Determine the best UV-technology in terms of energy and formation of by-products • LP, MP, DBD lamps • Influence of excessive peroxide on transport pipelines and dune ponds • Removal of by-products by DSF (AOC, nitrite, deg. products) • Determine necessity of GACF or PAC • Removal by-products and excessive peroxide • Removal of only excessive peroxide • Effect conditioning water on efficiency AOP Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

4. Post-treatment locations Transport pipelines PretreatmentRapid sand filtration The Hague IntakeMicro sieves Tributary Meuse RiverDosing of FeSO4 Treatment scheme Coagulation/sedimentation Intake Meuse water Transport RSF Transport Dune infiltration Recovery Post-treatment Distribution Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

5. The river Meuse as source for drinking water Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

6. Maximum measured incidental concentration (µg/l) at intake Diuron 0,15 Glyphosate 0,44 Cafeïne 0,3 Ibuprofen 0,05 Amidotrizoic acid 0,15 Iohexol 0,1 MTBE 1,7 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

7. Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

8. A multitude of compounds and technologies Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

9. AOP and Dune infiltration: complementary Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

10. AOP via UV/H2O2 Combination of two degradation mechanisms: Photolysis: A0 + hv A* Radical formation: H2O2 + hv 2 ·OH Combination: OMP + ·OH + hv deg. product(s) + CO2 + H2O Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

11. pH RSF = ±8 Radical scavenging Influence water matrix on UV/H2O2 HCO3- + ·OH → HCO3· + OH- k = 8,5 * 106 M-1 s-1 CO32- + ·OH → CO3·- + OH- k = 3,9 * 108 M-1 s-1 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

12. Radical scavenging Influence water matrix on UV/H2O2 NO3- + hv → NO2- + O NO2- + ·OH → NO2· + OH- k = 1,0 * 1010 M-1 s-1 Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

13. Radical scavenging Influence water matrix on UV/H2O2 H2O2 + ·OH → H2O + H+ + O2-· k = 2,7 * 107 M-1 s-1 RH + ·OH → R· + H2O k = 107 - 1010 M-1 s-1 UV-T↓ → Photolysis ↓ + ·OH-formation ↓ Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

14. UV lamps: Medium pressure vs low pressure Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

15. AOP UV/H2O2 pilot installation • Settings installation: • LP lamps 0,26 kWh/m3 • MP lamps 0,88 kWh/m3 • DBD lamps ±0,24 kWh/m3 • 5 m3/hr per reactor • Influent: pre-treated Meuse water • Model compounds: • Atrazine (10 µg/l), • Bromacil (10 µg/l), • Ibuprofen (20 µg/l), • NDMA (10 µg/l) • Standard experimental settings: • UV 100 – 80 – 60% • H2O2 10 – 5 – 0 mg/l Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

16. Initial situation reactors “Coffee test” : investigate the influence of UVT on UV intensity Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

17. Initial situation reactors Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

18. Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

19. Degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

20. P * UV EEO = kWh/m3 Q * log (ci/cf) EEO = Electrical Energy per Order Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

21. Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

22. Degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

23. Degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

24. Mean degradation of model compounds Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

25. EEO = Electrical Energy per Order Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

26. Mean EEO Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

27. Mean EEO Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

28. Mean EEO Mean EEO (excluding 0 mg/l H2O2) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

29. Nitrite formation Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

30. Influence nitrite formation (100/10) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

31. Influence nitrite formation (100/5) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

32. Influence nitrite formation (100/0) Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

33. Influence of DOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

34. Influence of DOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

35. Formation of AOC ? Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

36. Increased UVT via GAC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

37. Influence increased UVT Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

38. Influence increased UVT Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

39. Conclusions • Degradation by LP comparable to MP • Average degradation NDMA by LP higher then MP • EEO LP < EEO MP • MP shows higher nitrite formation • MP converts/consumes more DOC Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

40. Further research topics • Influence water temperature on UV dose • Linearity UV ballast – UV dose • Degradation DOC / formation AOC • Nitrite/nitrate issues • Degradation remaining peroxide • Improvement quality influent water • By- and degradation products • Modelling of degradation Goals - DW production – OMPs in source – Theory – PI – Results – Conclusions – Further research

41. Thank you for listening! Questions/remarks?