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Major Radiological Activities Affecting the environment

Major Radiological Activities Affecting the environment. Harold T. Peterson, Jr., M.N.E., CHP. Radium and Uranium Mining. EPA RCRA Program. Uranium Mining Locations. USDOE 1991. U.S. Uranium Production. U.S. DOE/EIA 1991. Uranium Mill External Dose.

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Major Radiological Activities Affecting the environment

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  1. Major Radiological Activities Affecting the environment Harold T. Peterson, Jr., M.N.E., CHP

  2. Radium and Uranium Mining EPA RCRA Program

  3. Uranium Mining Locations USDOE 1991

  4. U.S. Uranium Production U.S. DOE/EIA 1991

  5. Uranium Mill External Dose NRC FGEIS U-milling NUREG-0706 September 1980

  6. Uranium Mill Inhalation Dose NRC FGEIS U-milling NUREG-0706 September 1980

  7. Atmospheric Nuclear Tests

  8. Nuclear Test Locations

  9. Thyroid Doses from Fallout • An NCI study estimated that the average American received a thyroid radiation exposure of 2 rads, with some people receiving up to 300 rads. • From the 380 million person-rads of total exposure roughly 120,000 extra cases of thyroid cancer can be expected to develop, resulting in some 6,000 deaths.

  10. Nuclear Reactor Accidents Approximatel

  11. Comparison of Major Reactor Accidents

  12. Collective Doses (person-Sv) Distance Windscale TMI ChernobylPile No. 1 Unit 2 Unit No. 4 < 10 km 17 9400 < 30 km 30 16000 < 80 km 33 National 1.9E+03 < 50 2E+05* US < 50 1360 Worldwide 2.0E+03**< 50 1.2-1.6E+06 * European part of the former Soviet Union ** U.K. and northern Europe.

  13. Milk RadioiodineConcentrations Windscale TMI ChernobylPile No. 1 Unit 2 Unit 4 Peak 131I in Milk 1.5 (goat) (Bq/L) 56,000 1.3 (cow) 370,000 Milk Interdiction Criterion (Bq/L) 3,700 5,600* 3,700 *Currently the recommended U.S. Protective Action Guide is 560 Bq/L ~ 1.5 rem (15 mSv) to the thyroid of a one-year-old child drinking 1 liter of milk per day.

  14. Radioiodine Radioiodine Thyroid Doses Windscale TMI ChernobylPile No. 1 Unit No. 2 Unit No. 4 Peak Thyroid Dose (mGy) adult (ave.) 5 - 20 0.06 child (1 yr) 160 0.11 > 2,000 Collective Thyroid Dose (thyroid-Gy) 19,000 ~ 125 400,000 ( < 18 yo in Ukraine 1986-1996)

  15. Kingston Coal Ash Spill • Early morning on December 22, 2008, a retaining wall failed at the TVA Kingston Fossil Plant in Roane County, Tennessee. More than 5.4 million cubic yards of material • were released into the environment and covered 300 acres of surrounding land and water. • Approximately 740 Terabecquerels (20,000 Curies†) of long-lived alpha-emitting radionuclides were released. † Nuclear News, 52(2) p.4 (February 2009)

  16. Coal Ash Dam Rupture

  17. Cumulative Doses (R) at Nevada Test Site

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