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Weathering and Soil Formation

Weathering and Soil Formation. Chapter 6. WARM-UP #1. The breaking down of rocks and other materials at Earth’s surface is. ANSWER. weathering. WARM-UP #2. Freezing and thawing cause. ANSWER. Ice wedging. VOCABULARY. Weathering Erosion Uniformitarianism. weathering and erosion.

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Weathering and Soil Formation

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  1. Weathering and SoilFormation Chapter 6

  2. WARM-UP #1 • The breaking down of rocks and other materials at Earth’s surface is

  3. ANSWER • weathering.

  4. WARM-UP #2 • Freezing and thawing cause

  5. ANSWER • Ice wedging

  6. VOCABULARY • Weathering • Erosion • Uniformitarianism

  7. weathering and erosion • Weathering – the process that breaks down rock and other substances at the Earth’s surface. • Erosion – forces of erosion carry the pieces away…..weathering and erosion work together to break down and carry away rocks on Earth’s surface.

  8. vocabulary • Uniformitarianism – principles that operate today operated in the past

  9. WARM-UP #3 • Which is a cause of chemical weathering?

  10. ANSWER • Acid rain

  11. WARM-UP #4 • Mechanical weathering is faster in a climate that is

  12. ANSWER • warm

  13. VOCABULARY • Mechanical weathering • Abrasion • Ice wedging

  14. MECHANICAL WEATHERING • Mechanical weathering – weathering where the rock is broken into smaller pieces….each piece is still the same composition….mechanical weathering is a slow process

  15. EXAMPLES • Freezing and thawing, release of pressure, plant growth, actions of animals, abrasion • Abrasion – grinding away of rocks by rock particles carried away by wind, water, ice, or gravity • Ice wedging – water seeps into cracks – expands when it freezes – ice is like a wedge that breaks the rock apart

  16. WARM-UP #5 • When dead plants and animals decay, they form

  17. ANSWER • humus

  18. WARM-UP #6 • A solid layer of rock under the soil is called

  19. ANSWER • bedrock

  20. VOCABULARY • Chemical weathering • Oxidation • Permeable

  21. Chemical weathering • Process that breaks down rock through chemical changes………..causes are the action of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, living organisms, and acid rain.

  22. VOCABULARY • Oxidation – when iron combines with oxygen in the presence of water………….rust • Permeable – rock that is full of tiny holes…allows water to seep through easily….permeable rocks will weather quickly when exposed to chemical weathering.

  23. WARM-UP #7 • In the United States, most of the eastern states are covered with

  24. ANSWER • Forest soil

  25. WARM-UP #8 • Living things that break down dead organisms are called

  26. ANSWER • decomposer

  27. VOCABULARY • Soil • Bedrock • Humus

  28. VOCABULARY • Soil – loose weathered material on Earth’s surface where plants can grow • Bedrock – solid layer of rock below the soil • Humus – decayed organic material in soil

  29. WARM-UP #9 • Soil fertility is a measure of

  30. ANSWER how good soil is for growing plants.

  31. WARM-UP #10 • Farmers leave dead plants in their fields in the soil conservation method called

  32. ANSWER • conservation plowing.

  33. VOCABULARY • Fertility • Loam • Soil horizon

  34. VOCABULARY • Fertility – measure of how well the soil supports plant growth • Loam – soil made up of equal parts of sand, clay and silt • Soil horizon – is how the soil develops into layers ………the layers differ in color and texture

  35. WARM-UP #11 • The movement of rock pieces and other materials on Earth’s surface is called ____________________________.

  36. ANSWER • erosion

  37. WARM-UP#12 • The kind of weathering that breaks rocks into smaller pieces is _____________weathering.

  38. ANSWER • mechanical

  39. VOCABULARY • Topsoil • Subsoil • Litter • Decomposers

  40. TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL • Topsoil – is horizon A ….crumbly, dark brown soil that is a mixture of humus, clay and other mixtures • Subsoil – is horizon B….clay and other particles washed down from horizon A…little humus

  41. LITTER AND DECOMPOSERS • Litter – is what is left of the plant before it adds to humus…..leaves, roots, and the plant itself when it dies. • Decomposers – organisms that break down the remains of dead organisms into smaller pieces and digest them with chemicals.

  42. WARM-UP#13 • The scraping of rock by wind-blown pieces of rock is called __________________________.

  43. ANSWER • abrasion

  44. WARM-UP#14 • The material on Earth’s surface in which plants can grow is ___________________.

  45. ANSWER • soil

  46. VOCABULARY • Sod – thick masses of tough roots at the surface of the soil……..keeps the soil in place and held onto moisture. • Natural resource – anything in the environment that humans use

  47. WARM-UP #15 • The B horizon is also called _____________ .

  48. ANSWER • subsoil

  49. WARM-UP #16 • In ______________ weathering, the makeup of rock changes.

  50. ANSWER • chemical

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