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Explore how industrialization led to rapid urban growth in U.S. cities from 1787 to present, including immigration influx, transportation development, industrial expansion, essential services, and living conditions in slums and tenements.
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Industrialization created large C.I.T.I.E.S.
C. Cities grow rapidly • At the founding in 1787, only about 5% of Americans lived in cities • By 1900, it was 50% • Today, it is about 80%
I. Immigrants flood to cities • Irish, Italian, and Jewish immigrants were the main groups
T. Transportation: subways and trolley • The first subway in U.S. : Boston in 1897
I. Industrial growth • Industrial growth fueled urbanization • Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, New York, and Pittsburgh were major manufacturing centers
E. Extra services: sewer/water • Mass of people meant services were needed • New York’s sewer system dates from 1850
S. Slums and tenements • Slums: overcrowded and rundown living areas in a city • Tenements: apartment buildings built for immigrants that were often overcrowded and a fire hazard