Academic Data Centre

1. Academic Data Centre We have data and are willing to help you use it

2. Who we are • The ADC provides the following services: • Access to statistical and geospatial data • One-on-one consultations for • Finding statistics and geospatial files • Using statistics and GIS software (SPSS, SAS, ArcGIS etc.) • Running statistical methods and spatial analyses • In-class instruction and online tutorials Room 1104, Leddy Library (next to Williams' Coffee Pub).

3. Micro and Macro • Microdata is about individuals, macrodata is about populations • Macrodata (“statistics”) is country, state or region level data such as employment rate, GDP, infant mortality, etc. • Microdata (“raw data”) is data on individual people or units such as households, stocks or firms

4. Primary and Secondary Data • Primary data: data you collect yourself, to answer your specific research question • Secondary data: data collected by some other researcher or institution which you are repurposing to answer your research question • May be used as main focus of research or provide supplementary information

5. Geospatial data? • Geospatial data is the composite of spatial data and attribute data, describing: • Attribute information:What is it? • Location information: Where is it? • Macro and environmental data are good for mapping Building Type: Office Height: 100 ft. Condition: Good 43°N, 79°W

6. Where does data come from? • Public: governments, inter-governmental organizations like the UN and the World Bank • Censuses, Statistics Canada, U.N. Multiple Indicator Surveys, Spatial, Environment (water samples, emissions, climate) • Non-profit: NGOs, charities, think tanks • International Food Policy Research Institute, Pew Research Centre • Academic: individual researchers and research collaborations • Private: media, corporations etc. collect data • Gallup and other polls are archived; non-news related private data is usually hard to obtain

7. Public vs. private: it’s the money • Publically funded institutions have a mandate to spend their money towards certain goals and are held accountable to the public • Private institutions / businesses have no such mandate and are not accountable beyond what is required by law • Most publically available data comes from public institutions and the occasional interested and persistent researcher

8. Statistics on business, industry and economics • Companies prefer to not give data away, unless required by law (government industry statistics), required by shareholders (company reports), or as a result of interacting with other entities (e.g. stock market) • Three main sources: • governmental (including IGO) • companies themselves • published business / industry analysis and trade statistics

9. Government Data Statistics Canada and others

10. National Data Collection • Every country (more or less) has a census • Conducted at 5 or 10 year intervals • Since a complete sample, often the only source for very small area data • Most developed countries also conduct a number of large scale surveys (economic / employment, health, etc.) • Countries also collect data for administrative purposes (trade, tax, voting records, immigration etc.)

11. Canada • National Statistics Agency: Statistics Canada • Collect or compile statistics on demographics, health, economics, agriculture… • Turned over collection of some health statistics (hospital based records in particular) to Canadian Institute for Health Information • Public Health Agency of Canada tracks data on threats to public health, including diseases and injuries. Has the Canadian Incidence Studies of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect • Individual government departments also may release statistics that they have collected for their own purposes – e.g. C.I.C. tracks immigration statistics • Provinces don’t have provincial statistical agencies per se, but again departments may compile and release some data

12. Getting Microdata • Public-Use Microdata Files (PUMFs) released through Data Liberation Initiative, can be downloaded through ODESI or Equinox . • Restricted-Use data files can be accessed through our Research Data Centre • Not all Statistics Canada data is made available though the RDCs (or at all); see lists of available RDC data here and here. • CIHI – see their Graduate Student Data Access Program

13. Environmental: Canada • National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) Databases • Environment Canada Indicators • Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators • Adjusted and Homogenized Canadian Climate Data • Air Quality and Ozone Levels

14. United States • Multiple statistical agencies – no centralized collection or distribution point • Census Bureau • National Center for Health Statistics • Bureau of Labor Statistics • Bureau of Economic Analysis • National Center for Education Statistics • U.S. public use government data tends to be more detailed than Canadian (has detail that in Canada would be restricted) • U.S. restricted data is sometimes not allowed to leave the country.

15. Environmental: U.S. • Environmental Protection Agency • Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database • National Emissions Inventories • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration • Earth System Research Laboratory • National Geophysical Data Center

16. Other Countries • Most other (non-U.S.) countries have national statistical agencies • U.K.: Office for National Statistics • Australia: Bureau of Statistics… • The official statistical agency is generally the one that does the census • Some countries have national data archives that will archive government and other data • UK National Data Archive • Australian Data Archive

17. International data: inter-governmental, nonprofit non-governmental

18. What? • Intergovernmental Organizations / IGOs • International, established by treaty or charter e.g. U.N., World Bank, OECD… • Non-Governmental (NGOs) • Non-profits, may be associated with one of the above, may be national or international, e.g. Amnesty International, Demographic and Health Surveys, International Food Policy Research Institute • In less developed countries, these are a primary source for population welfare data that in developed countries is collected by the government • Also good source for international comparative data

19. Basic Sources • Population, Economic, infrastructure etc: • U.N. Data – data.un.org • World Bank’s World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance (and others) • Health: • World Health Organization • A primary source for diseases, mortality, risk factors • DOLPHN: Data Online for Population, Health and Nutrition (USAID) • Draws on W.H.O., DHS, various other survey as well as government sources • Environment: • U.N. Environmental Data Explorer • Center for International Earth Science Information Network Environmental Sustainability Index and Population, Landscape, and Climate Estimates (PLACE)

20. Major Population Welfare survey series • Living Standards Measurement Surveys (World Bank) • Focus: consumption and income, good demographics • Coverage: 40+ mostly middle-income countries • Demographic and Health Surveys (organization of the same name) • Focus: health, particularly reproductive • Coverage: 90: low- and middle-income countries, good demographics • Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (United Nations / Unicef) • Focus: child health and welfare, reproductive health; limited demogrpahics • 65+ low and middle income countries

21. Academic Research Data Using the data of researchers who had better funding than you

22. Really big • World Values Surveys • Survey of the “basic values and beliefs of the publics of more than 80 societies” • Global Barometer and the Barometers • Includes Afrobarometer, Arab Barometer, Asian Barometer, and Latinobarometro. Eurobarometer is separate. • International Social Survey Programme • Comparative Study of Electoral Systems • Collaborative program of research among election study teams from around the world.

23. Individual researchers and smaller projects • ICPSR is the world's largest archive of social science data – more than 8,500 research studies. • International in focus but majority of the data is American. • Individual researchers generally choose whether or not to deposit their data – and under what restrictions • Features to note: special topic archives, variables database • Canadian Opinion Research Archive • Harvard’s Murray Archive / Lives Over Time • Source for some major longitudinal studies

24. For assistance • Academic Data Centre • Email: libdata@uwindsor.ca • Web: http://leddy.uwindsor.ca/adc