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Your 2nd Brain

Your 2nd Brain. The Enteric Nervous System. sends and receives impulses, records experiences and responds to emotions. is located in the sheaths of tissue lining the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon

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Your 2nd Brain

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  1. Your 2nd Brain

  2. The Enteric Nervous System • sends and receives impulses, records experiences and responds to emotions. • is located in the sheaths of tissue lining the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon • is comprised of a network of neurons, neurotransmitters and proteins . . . and a complex circuitry that enables it to act independently, learn, remember • mirrors the central nervous system

  3. contains • 100 million neurons - more than the spinal cord • and major neurotransmitters like serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, norephinephrine and nitric oxide • two dozen small brain proteins, called neuropeptides • major cells of the immune system • enkephalins (type of endorphins) • benzodiazepines - psychoactive chemicals (akin to valium and xanax)

  4. according to developmental biology • A clump of tissue called the neural crest forms early in embryo genesis. • One section turns into the central nervous system. • Another piece migrates to become the enteric nervous system. • . . . it is only later that the two systems are connected via . . . the vagus nerve.

  5. The brain sends signals to the gut by talking to a small number of "command neurons," which in turn send signals to gut interneurons that carry messages up and down the pike. • Both command neurons and interneurons are spread throughout two layers of gut tissue called the "myenteric plexus and the submuscosal plexus.” • Command neurons control the pattern of activity in the gut. The vagus nerve only alters the volume by changing rates of firing.

  6. Effects of Fear • When the central brain encounters a frightening situation, it releases stress hormones that prepare the body to fight or flee. • The stomach contains many sensory nerves that are stimulated by this chemical surge - hence the "butterflies." • On the battlefield, the higher brain tells the gut brain to shut down . . .

  7. Fear also causes the vagus nerve to "turn up the volume" on serotonin circuits in the gut. • Thus over stimulated, the gut goes into higher gear and diarrhea results. • Similarly, people sometimes "choke" with emotion. When nerves in the esophagus are highly stimulated, people have trouble swallowing. • Stress signals from the head's brain can alter nerve function between the stomach and esophagus, resulting in heartburn. (http://www.psyking.net/id36.htm) (http://www.yinyanghouse.com)

  8. The body’s entire creative sensitivity is in the stomach. The stomach stimulates the brain to coordinate the entire system. Both the heart and the brain are subject to the stomach. When ancient yogis learned this fact, they developed a whole science of fasting and food combining. The elbow area controls the stomach and this yoga set opens up the elbow to work on the stomach. Practicing this set can be very beneficial for the stomach and remove sadness and fear from your personality. Yogi Bhajan May 8 1985

  9. Stomach Meridian

  10. Small Intestine Meridian Large Intestine Meridian

  11. Heart Meridian

  12. Pericardium Meridian Lung Meridian

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