Chapter 10 the Asian exception?

1. Chapter 10the Asian exception? Part 2 Democracy in China ---- presentation by Xi Jia

2. Basic Background Population: 1.3 billion 1st of the world Area total: 9.6million 3rd of the world GDP total: $11.299 trillion 2nd of the world Per Capital: $5413 91st of the world Ethnic groups: 55 recognized minorities

3. History of China's political system • China's political system was based on hereditary monarchies, known as dynasties • Beginning with Xia Dynasty (approx. 2000 BC) • Ending with the fall of Qing Dynasty in 1911 • the People's Republic of China established in Beijing on 1 October 1949 • 4000 years monarchies authoritarianism ( long time & many reforms ) Democracy

4. authoritarianism • a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority • concentrated in a small group of politicians • opposed to libertarianism • Why Chinese government choose authoritarianism? What are the advantage of authoritarianism in China?

5. Advantage of authoritarianism • Keep the largest citizenry on the globe with economic development and growth at a pace • “Harmony” • If the president smart enough, with authoritarianism, the national policies can quickly be executed without obstruction.

6. did Chinese government try politics reform? Yes. But road is tortuous. Famous cases: • June Fourth Incident • opening-up and became a market economy “pseudocapitalism”

7. June Fourth Incident • In 1986, Deng Xiaoping set up a task force to examine possibilities for political reform.

8. In 1987, Deng Xiaoping forced out the head of the Communist Party, Hu Yaobang. • Because the goal of Deng is liberalized communist system, not liberal democracy. • But Hu was agreeable liberal reform and too tolerant of student demonstrations.

9. On June 4th , 1989, the students had demonstration in Tiananmen Square • It clear Tiananmen Square with a bloody military assault and crushed the pro-democracy movement.

10. opening-up and became a market economy • Communist ideology changed • Open the market and welcome the capitalists • Reform the state companies • A lots of people became wealthy. • But Still authoritarianism on general public • And it also communism, not capitalism. So author called it “ pseudocapitalism”.

11. The authoritarian transition Four possible scenarios: • Consultative rule of law • Transition to democracy as economic development • A new authoritarianism as current form fall • To democracy as current form fall

12. 1.Consultative rule of law • Regime that adopts judicial independence • Civic pluralism • Means of public input • But not competitive election • Like model neighbor, Singapore, becoming noncommunist, and less bluntly repressive.

13. If like that, judicial independence and civic pluralism, there will be mass movements again. • But China are much larger than Singapore, so it is not easy to solve the problem peaceful.

14. 2. Transition to democracy as economic development • “As the economic development, China would have made a transition to democracy” ---- Henry S. Rowen Reason, relate to Chapter 4: Expanding levels of education and information , and growing societal complexity and pluralism, will press the state to grant much political freedom and competition to maintain legitimacy.

15. 3. A new authoritarianism as current form fall • The individual interests of its agents • They quickly get rich on the boom • Slowly dismantling political stability • Example : governor transfer their capital out of the country • So the regime will collapse • And Pie believe it will bring a new form of authoritarianism

16. 4. To democracy as current form fall • There are many hopeful view of where this “ corruption, misgovernance, injustice, instability, and repression” will lead to democracy • Also support by Bruce Gilley

17. Important question • “Is there any organization in society that might offer a political alternative?”

18. No! Today, there is not. • But author guess: a broad coalition of opposition forces will come together temporarily to oust the communist regime. like Russia • Author also has a prediction with some confidence: “in 2025, India will have essentially the same political system that it has today, and China will not”.