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I. Introduction to Acids & Bases

Acids & Bases. I. Introduction to Acids & Bases. electrolytes  electrolytes. A. Properties. ACIDS. BASES. bitter taste. sour taste. react with metals to form H 2 gas. slippery feel. vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits. ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda. ChemASAP. H. H. –.

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I. Introduction to Acids & Bases

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  1. Acids & Bases I. Introduction toAcids & Bases

  2. electrolytes electrolytes A. Properties ACIDS BASES • bitter taste • sour taste • react with metals to form H2 gas • slippery feel • vinegar, milk, soda, apples, citrus fruits • ammonia, lye, antacid, baking soda ChemASAP

  3. H H – + O O Cl Cl H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Acidsform hydronium ions (H3O+) HCl+ H2O  H3O+ + Cl– acid

  4. H H – + N O O N H H H H H H H H B. Definitions • Arrhenius - In aqueous solution… • Bases form hydroxide ions (OH-) NH3+ H2O  NH4+ + OH- base

  5. conjugate base conjugate acid B. Definitions • Brønsted-Lowry • Acidsare proton (H+) donors. • Bases are proton (H+) acceptors. HCl + H2O  Cl– + H3O+ acid base

  6. B. Definitions H2O + HNO3 H3O+ + NO3– B A CA CB

  7. B. Definitions NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- B A CA CB • Amphoteric - can be an acid or a base.

  8. F - H2PO4- H2O HF H3PO4 H3O+ B. Definitions • Give the conjugate base for each of the following: • Polyprotic - an acid with more than one H+

  9. Br - HSO4- CO32- HBr H2SO4 HCO3- B. Definitions • Give the conjugate acid for each of the following:

  10. C. Neutralization Reactions • Acids react with bases to produce a salt and water NaOH (aq) + HCl(aq) →NaCl + H2O base acid salt water Ca(OH)2 + 2 HCl→ CaCl2 + 2H2O base acid salt water

  11. C. Neutralization • Acid + Base Salt + Water • HCl + NaOH  NaCl + HOH salt water

  12. Acids • Acids can be recognized because the start with H • Examples • HCl • H2SO4 • HI

  13. Acids • Acids are in aqueous solution (aq) • For the purposes of this class, we will assume that if it begins with H, we will name it according to the rules of naming acids

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