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Africa: Historical Review & Contemporary Challenges

Explore the major themes shaping Africa's past and present, from imperialism and independence movements to tribalism and obstacles hindering progress. Dive into the continent's rich geography, the impacts of colonialism, and the enduring struggle for unity and development.

shaine-graham
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Africa: Historical Review & Contemporary Challenges

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  1. Africa Thematic Review

  2. Major Themes • Geography • Imperialism • Independence/Nationalist Movements • Apartheid • Tribalism vs. Nationalism • Obstacles to Progress

  3. Geography • Know your climate zones • Lack of agricultural resources • Sub-Saharan Africa dependent on gold & diamonds

  4. Imperialism • “Scramble for Africa” • Berlin Conference • Know all causes/effects

  5. Independence/Nationalist Movements • Negritude Movement • Pan Africanism • Atlantic Charter • Post-WWII destruction in Europe • Kwame Nkrumah • Jomo Kenyatta

  6. Apartheid • 1948 law in INDEPENDENT S. Africa • Unequal distribution of land, power, economic resources • African National Congress • Nelson Mandela • Archbishop Desmond Tutu • Sharpeville, Soweto

  7. Tribalism vs. Nationalism • New countries boundaries follow colonial boundaries • Rwanda – Hutus vs Tutsis • Nigeria – Hausa vs Ibo • S. Africa – post-Apartheid problems of unity • Organization of African Unity

  8. Obstacles to Progress • Overpopulation • Lack of industrialization • Dependence on cash crops • National debt • Political corruption and instability • Desertification • HIV/AIDs Epidemic

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