Results From Drinking Water Reservoirs, a Flow-Restricted River and a Lake

1. Containment and Reduction of Stormwater-Derived Suspended Solids, Bacteria and Nutrients Using Aquatic Filter Barriers Results From Drinking Water Reservoirs, a Flow-Restricted River and a Lake Presented at the North American Lake Management Association Annual Conference Hartford, Connecticut October 2009

2. Containment and Reduction of Stormwater-Derived Suspended Solids, Bacteria and Nutrients Using Aquatic Filter Barriers

3. Aquatic Filter Barrier Technology Aquatic Filter Barrier (AFB) Technologies primarily are alternative applications of an in-water filter fabric barrier to prevent migration of particulates in a water body or into a water intake

4. Targeted Control Purposes Containment or Exclusion Suspended solids Turbidity Chemical contaminants Bacteria Plants or Animals (including planktonic eggs and larvae) Aquatic Filter Barrier Technology Water and Debris from Construction Site Downstream, Filtered Water

5. Filtering Particulates Sub 100-micron range Suspended sediments 0.5 – 3.0 mm and larger Organisms Debris Planktonic or neustonic organisms Aquatic Filter Barrier Technology

6. The Aquatic Filter Barrier

7. The Aquatic Filter Barrier The AFB’s filter material is suspended by flotation billets and is sealed to the bottom by impermeable materials. The seal is optimized by engineering design. Mooring system hardware mounted on the structural skeleton of the AFB provides durable attachment points for the anchor lines, secured to the customized anchors.

8. Filter Material Durability, Strength, and Permittivity One- or Two- Layer Concepts Custom Laser-Perforated for Targeted Protection and Exclusion Woven – “G-Weave” Aquatic Filter Barrier Components

9. Strengthening Elements (system “skeleton”) Nylon Strapping Structural Netting UV Resistant, Strong Threads Built-in Sectioning Chain, Bottom and/or Collar Aquatic Filter Barrier Components

10. Flotation Protection at the Surface Supports the AFB UV Resistant Materials Aquatic Filter Barrier Components

11. Mooring System Sturdy Attachment Points on System Skeleton Custom-Fabricated Lines Adjustment Chain Anchors Designed According to Substrate Aquatic Filter Barrier Components

12. Purpose: EPA Demonstration Project Control of stormwater-derived contaminants, bacteria, TSS, turbidity Field Study Full Scale AFB Lab Studies Fabric Blinding ProjectsWachusett Reservoir, MA

13. ProjectsWachusett Reservoir, MA Application Specifics • Brook flow max ~11 cfs • 350 ft AFB Curtain • Deepest ~12 ft • Manual compressed air cleaning option • In place since 1998

14. Results Lab Varied: TSS up to 41.7%, Fecal to 41% 1 gpm/sf = max flow w/o blinding Full-scale Varied; TSS negative to 54%, Turbidity reduced from 1.6 to 21 NTU to 1.3 – 2.5 NTU ProjectsWachusett Reservoir, MA

15. Purpose Bring water withdrawal into compliance with Interim Surface Water Treatment Rule for Coliforms <= 100 mpn Out of compliance > 6 months/yr based on 6-month running average ProjectsRye Lake/Kensico Reservoir, NY

16. Application Specifics High runoff (two, 60-in culverts) AFB 650-feet long Max depth 25-feet Single layer, 8-oz non-woven, geotextile filter medium Deadman anchors at ends bear load; Concrete anchors for configuration 15-in dia polystyrene billets Demonstration Test System 1998 Permanent system since 2002 Limited maintenance ProjectsRye Lake, NY

17. Results 3 sample events inside and outside, at ¼, ½, ¾ along AFB 5-day/wk sampling of intake InsideOutside Turbidity: 20 NTUs 1 NTU Coliforms: > 2400 MPN 22 MPN TSS: 9.9 mg/l 0.7 mg/l Brought and retained water intake in compliance ProjectsRye Lake, NY

18. Purpose Years with high precipitation experienced frequent algal blooms, detrimental to the lake ecology and a nuisance to homeowners ProjectsLake Attitash, Northeast MA • One measure to reduce nutrient loading and limit algal blooms

19. Application Specifics 140 feet long filter curtain averages 6 feet deep positioned well up in the Back River and full across the river Ends secured on the shore and mushroom anchors deployed upstream and downstream 10-foot section specially for passage of kayaks, canoes or small watercraft allow river flow over the top of the flotation during high flow events Projects Lake Attitash, Northeast MA

20. Results Data collected by volunteers, not analyzed to date Initial observations were of reduced phosphates below AFB Primary observation – reduced occurrences of bloom during wet weather since 2003 Lake Association had repairs made during 2009 Projects Lake Attitash, Northeast MA

21. Purpose EPA-funded short-term study Determine ability of the technology to achieve MA swimming standards – for bacteria and water clarity ProjectsCharles River, Boston, MA

22. Application Specifics – 2 Systems AFB 150 feet long Deepest is 6 feet Ends secured on the shore, Danforth anchors secure outside, Sand bags on impermeable seal Floating filter pool 12 ft X 12 ft x up to 6 ft deep PVC framework Anchored with Danforth anchors ProjectsCharles River, Boston, MA

23. Results Data collected by volunteers, not analyzed to date Initial observations were of reduced phosphates below AFB Primary observation – reduced occurrences of bloom during wet weather since 2003 Lake Association had repairs made during 2009 Projects Lake Attitash, Northeast MA

24. Aquatic Filter Barrier Projects • Scoharie Reservoir • Purpose

25. Aquatic Filter Barrier Projects • Scoharie Reservoir • Application Specifics

26. Aquatic Filter Barrier Projects • Schoharie Reservoir • Results

27. Aquatic Filter Barrier Projects • Attitash Lake • Purpose

28. Aquatic Filter Barrier Projects • Attitash Lake • Application Specifics

29. Aquatic Filter Barrier Projects • Attitash Lake • Results

30. Gunderboom Projects – Ongoing New York City Waterfalls, Public Art Fund July-October 2008 Intake Filter Pools