Essential Question :

1. Essential Question: • How did England’s changing policy towards its colonies lead to rising calls for independence? • CPUSH Agenda for Unit 2.3: • The Road to Revolution activity • Unit 2 Test: Wednesday, Sep. 2

2. Path to the American Revolution Action/Reaction Activity • From 1763 to 1776, key events occurred that slowly convinced colonists to sever ties with Britain & declare independence • In groups, examine the placards and complete your charts • Pay attention to the sequence of events and cause/effect relationships

3. Path to the American Revolution • Closure Activity: • From your charts, rank order the top 3 events that contributed the mostto the growing divide between Britain & her colonies • What changed the most over this 13-year period (1763-1776)? • What could the English gov’t have done to prevent this? • What could the colonists have done?

4. Essential Question: • How did England’s changing policy towards its colonies lead to rising calls for independence? • CPUSH Agenda for Unit 2.4: • Clicker Questions • “The Road to Revolution” notes • Today’s HW: 4.2 • Unit 2 Test: Friday, August 31

5. The Road to the American Revolution

6. TheRoadtoRevolution(1763-1776) • The end of the French & Indian War (1763), marked the start of the road towards the American Revolution: • 1763: Beginning of parliamentary sovereignty & Proclamation Line • 1765-67: Stamp & Townshend Acts • 1773-75: Boston Tea Party, IntolerableActs,Lexington&Concord • 1776: Declaration of Independence

7. The Navigation Acts Mercantilism meant that Britain began to control & regulate colonial trade In 1660, Britain began the first of a series of Navigation Acts designed to restrict colonial trade & increase British wealth The Navigation Acts led to large amounts of smuggling

8. 1764 Sugar Act Hoped to eliminate smuggling. It did not work. The Sugar Act put a tax on molasses and sugar

9. The Stamp Act required colonists to purchase special stamps for all paper goods

10. The Stamp Act placed a tax on books, deeds, newspapers, wedding license, playing cards and dice

11. The “Sons of Liberty” & “Daughters of Liberty” were formed to protest British restrictions & became the leaders of colonial resistance Mob reaction to the Stamp Act For the 1st time, many colonists refer to fellow boycotters as “patriots” The colonial boycotts were effective & Britain repealed the Stamp Act

12. This was a series of “indirect” taxes on lead, glass, paper, tea, etc.

13. More Boycotts

14. Colonists created committees of correspondence to communicate with each other

15. The first person killed was Crispus Attucks; a son of a slave and a Native American

16. Colonists injured British soldiers by throwing snowballs & oyster shells With only 4 dead, this was hardly a “massacre” but it reveals the power of colonial propaganda Paul Revere’s etching of the Boston Massacrebecame an American best-seller

17. “Bostonians Paying the Excise Man” __________________________ Only East India Company can sell tea in the colonies Colonists respond with protests, boycotts and the Boston Tea Party Tarring and feathering of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm

19. Colonists began to cry “No Taxation, Without Representation”

20. Boston Tea Party On December 16, 1773, American Patriots dressed as Indians threw almost 18,000 lbs of tea from British ships into Boston Harbor. Led by Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty. Main purpose was to prevent payment of British-imposed tax on tea and protest to Tea Act. Consequence was for Parliament to pass Intolerable Acts.

21. The Intolerable acts were a series of Acts that 1 – Closed the Boston Harbor 2- Placed Boston under “martial law” 3 – Quartering Act 4 – Placed royal governor in charge of colony The Intolerable Acts were called the Coercive Acts in Britain

22. Quartering Act 1774 Colonists were forced to house and supply the British troops in Boston The Quartering Act angered the colonists the most

23. First Continental Congress “We have to help Boston” 1 – Wrote a list of grievances to send to the King At the First Continental Congress, the delegates did 2 things: 2 – Agreed to meet again in the future

24. Troops were searching for Samuel Adams and John Hancock. Paul Revere was sent to warn them Called minutemen because they could be ready at a moment’s notice British troops march to Lexington to halt colonial minutemen

25. Paul Revere’s Midnight Ride “One if by land and two if by sea” Revere sent William Dawes and Samuel Prescott different directions in case they were captured

26. Lexington & Concord About 700 British Army regulars were ordered to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia at Concord. The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington. Militia outnumbered and fell back. Casualties Colonists:50 killed,5 missing,39 wounded British: 73 killed, 6 missing, 174 wounded

27. The Second Continental Congress Met from May 10, 1775, to March 1, 1781 Met to discuss what to do next 1 – Olive Branch Petition 2 – Create Continental Army3 – Appoint George Washington Commander 4 – Draft Declaration of Independence

28. The Enlightenment • Colonists used the ideas of the Enlightenment to justify their protest • John Locke wrote that people have natural rights (life, liberty, & property) & should oppose tyranny • Rousseau believed that citizens have a social contract with their gov’t – Can replace government if abusing power • Montesquieu argued that power should not be in the hands of a king, but separated among gov’t branches

29. Conclusions • By December 1775, the British and American colonists were fighting an “informal revolutionary war”…but: • Colonial leaders had not yet declared independence • In 1776, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense convinced many neutral colonists to support independence from Britain • By July 1776, colonists drafted the Declaration of Independence

30. Examining Excerpts from Thomas Paine’s Common Sense • In teams, read the 6 excerpts from Common Sense • Match each quotation in the chart with its appropriate interpretation in the slides that follow • Write the summarized main idea in your chart

31. Examining Excerpts from the pamphlet Common Sense:Match each quotation in the chart with its appropriate interpretation in the slides that follow

32. 1 If Britain is the “mother” country, then why is she treating us this way? Mothers are not supposed to “eat” their children

33. 2 America is a continent that is controlled by a small island… this is crazy

34. 3 It is incorrect to say that America can only be wealthy if we remain connected to Britain

35. 4 The only reason Britain protected the colonies was to protect herself

36. 5 The only way to maintain peace is by achieving independence from Britain; We should declare independence now while we remain calm

37. 6 There is nothing to gain from improving our relationship with Britain and remaining her loyal colonists

38. Common Sense Answer Key • 3—It is incorrect to say that America can only be wealthy if we remain connected to Britain • 4—The only reason Britain protected the colonies was to protect herself • 1—If Britain is the “mother” country, then why is she treating us this way? Mothers are not supposed to “eat” their children • 6—There is nothing to gain from improving our relationship with Britain and remaining her loyal colonists • 2—America is a continent that is controlled by a small island… this is crazy • 5—The only way to maintain peace is by achieving independence from Britain; We should declare independence now while we remain calm

39. Class Discussion: • Rank order the top 3 events that contributed the mostto the growing divide between Britain & her colonies • Should Common Sense be included in this top 3 ranking? If so, where? If not, why? • What changed the most over this 13-year period (1763-1776)? • What could the English gov’t have done to prevent this? • What could the colonists have done?

40. Town Hall Meeting Class Discussion • It is June 1776 & you are gathered to decide “Should the colonies declare independence?” • Students are divided into 3 groups: Patriots, Loyalists, “Undecideds” • Goal: Convince the “Undecideds” to join your side by presenting reasoned arguments

41. If the colonists declare independence, how will they govern themselves?

42. If the colonists declare independence, how will they ensure that they will remain united?

43. If the colonists declare independence, who will the new nation trade with?

44. If the colonists declare independence, what will the new nation do about taxes?

45. Is taxation without representation fair?

46. If the colonists declare independence, how will the new nation deal with Indians?

47. If “liberty” is so important, what will independence mean for slaves, women, and poor people?