Chapter 1: Section 4 The New Republic

1. Chapter 1: Section 4The New Republic Thursday, September 11, 2014 Friday, September 12, 2014

2. Warm-up (9-11-14) • As we remember the 13th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks… • Do you remember where you were on 9/11/2001? Did you understand what was happening? What was going through your mind?

3. Warm-up (9-12-14) • In chronological order (no need for dates) list KEY events that have taken place in chapter 1 so far. • Hint- start with Columbus sails to the Americas and end with Washington becomes president • Don’t use notes, the book or the internet- let’s see how much you remember about the story 

4. Chapter 1 Timeline • 1215- King John signs the Magna Carta • 1492- Columbus sails to the Americas • 1607- Jamestown (1st successful colony) is established in Virginia. • 1620- Puritans land in Plymouth and sign the Mayflower Compact • 1689- English Bill of Rights signed by King William and Queen Mary • 1700s- Enlightenment in Europe • 1740s- Great Awakening

5. Chapter 1 Timeline • 1689-1763- British and French fought in a series of wars • 1754- 1763- French and Indian War • British begin to tax the colonies to pay the war debt and place tighter trade regulations on colonies. • US boycotts British goods (don’t want to pay taxes) • 1774- First Continental Congress- convention where colonists asked British to stop taxing them- they refused • 1775-1781-American Revolution • 1776- Jefferson drafts the Declaration of Independence. • 1783- War is over and Treaty of Paris is signed.

6. Chapter 1 Timeline • 1781- Articles of Confederation • 1785 and 1787- Land & Northwest Ordinance • 1786- Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts • 1787- Constitutional Convention in Philly • New Jersey Plan • Virginia Plan • Great Compromise • 3/5th Clause

7. Chapter 1 Timeline • 1788- United States Constitution ratified • 1789- 10 constitutional amendments approved by Congress- The Bill of Rights • 1789- Washington becomes president

8. Objectives • Discuss the structure of the federal government and the emergence of political parties. • Explore the major foreign-policy issues that confronted the United States. • Describe the growing differences between the North and the South.

9. Terms and People • Alien Act − Federalist law meant to make it more difficult for immigrants to become citizens • Sedition Act − Federalist law meant to stop criticism of President Adams’s policies by Democratic Republicans • judicial review − power of the court to declare an act of Congress or the President unconstitutional • Louisiana Purchase − large territory purchased from France in 1803, doubling the size of the U.S.

10. Terms and People (Continued) • impressment − British practice of “pressing” or forcing American sailors into the British navy • embargo − suspension of trade • cottongin − invention by Eli Whitney to separate cotton fibers from shells, made slavery more profitable in the South • Monroe Doctrine − U.S. policy barring European interference in the Americas

11. How did the United States and its government change in the late 1700s and early 1800s? Both internal political issues and international affairs tested the new nation. Despite these challenges, the United States grew. But with growth came economic, political, and social issues that began to divide the North and the South.

12. In 1789, George Washington took office as the first President of the United States. Left to right: Washington, Adams, and Jefferson

13. The future of the nation depended onhis ability to lead. Washington proved an excellent choice. He selected a skilled Cabinet, includingAlexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson. Hamilton proposed an economic plan that included a national bank.

14. Hamilton’s Goals • Hamilton wanted to develop a commercial and industrial economy with a strong army and navy • Wanted to pay off national war debt by issuing government bonds, which paid interests to bondholders. • To pay interests, he proposed new taxes on goods. • The debt had to be managed, so that is where Congress comes into play….Congress was asked to charter a Bank of the US with the power to regulate state banks.

15. Opponents criticized Hamilton’s broad interpretation of the Constitution. • Federalists believed the Constitution empowered Congress to enact laws for the “general welfare.” They were loose constructionists. • Democratic Republicans wanted to limit the federal government only to powers stated in the Constitution. They were strictconstructionists.

16. American loyaltieswere split bythe French Revolutionand the resulting war between France and Britain. • Democratic Republicans sympathized with the French, while Federalists favored Britain. • Despite U.S. neutrality, American ships were seized by the British for trading with the French. • In 1794 Washington sent John Jay to negotiate with Britain. • Jay’s Treaty avoided war but the Democratic Republicans cried foul- they said it was a sell out.

17. Great strides at home • Issues with the Indian in the Ohio County • General Anthony Wayne won a fundamental victory at Fallen Timbers. • Pinckney's Treaty • Treaty led by Thomas Pinckney with the Spanish • Allowed Americans to export their produce through New Orleans.

18. American merchant ships were seized. • French officials demanded bribes. • Full-scale naval war erupted. In 1796 John Adams was elected the second President.He faced challenges from France.

19. The Federalists exploited the crisis by passing two laws aimed at their opponents. • The Alien Act allowed the deportation of pro-French immigrants who criticized the government. • The Sedition Act made it a crime to publicly discredit Federal leaders. • Unpopular laws led to the decline of the Federalists.

20. Thomas Jefferson defeated Adams in the election of 1800. • The election set a precedent for the peaceful transfer of power based on voting. • Jefferson and the Democratic Republicans eliminated unpopular taxes, cut expenses,and reduced the national debt.

21. In Marbury v. Madison the Supreme Court asserted judicial review, the power to decide the constitutionality of acts of Congress or the President. Jefferson’s policies to limit federal power, however, were checked by Chief Justice John Marshall.

22. In 1803 Jefferson obtained the huge Louisiana Purchase from French ruler Napoleon Bonaparte. Meriwether Lewis and William Clarkexplored the new territory.

23. Jefferson persuaded Congress to declare a trade embargo. • He hoped the lack of trade would hurt Britain. It hurt Americansmore. • The unsuccessful embargo was lifted in 1809. Britain resumed seizing U.S. ships trading with France and allowed for the impressment of U.S. sailors.

24. In 1809, Democratic Republican James Madison succeeded Jefferson as President. • In 1812 the United States went to war with Britain. • The Americans failed to take Canada and the British burned Washington, D.C. • The war ended with an 1814 peace treaty.

25. Northerners built factories during the War of 1812 . These attracted European immigrants and promoted urban growth. War set the North on a different path from the South

26. Southern states remained agricultural and dependent on enslaved labor. • Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin made slavery more profitable for southern planters. • Plantations expanded−and forced more slaves to work−to provide cotton for northern textile mills.

27. It stated European monarchies had no business meddling with American republics. • The United States, similarly, would stay out of European affairs. In 1823, PresidentJames Monroeissued the MonroeDoctrine.

28. Homework! • Chapter 1 Assessment on page 30 #1-5 & #10-18 • Don’t forget…Chapter 1 Exam on Tuesday! • Study this weekend!!

29. Ticket Out the Door • Why did Jay’s Treaty • offend France?