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Boundless Teaching Platform: Customize Your Textbooks Easily

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Boundless Teaching Platform: Customize Your Textbooks Easily

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. History of Atomic Structure Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Discoveries Leading to Nuclear Atom Model The Structure of the Atom The Periodic Table ] Types of Chemical Bonds Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Chemical Formulas Atoms, Molecules, and Ions(continued) Naming Compounds Organic Compounds ] Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  6. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > History of Atomic Structure History of Atomic Structure • Early Ideas about Atoms • The Law of Conservation of Mass • The Law of Definite Composition • The Law of Multiple Proportions • John Dalton and Atomic Theory Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/history-of-atomic-structure-32/

  7. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Discoveries Leading to Nuclear Atom Model Discoveries Leading to Nuclear Atom Model • Cathode Rays • Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/discoveries-leading-to-nuclear-atom-model-33/

  8. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > The Structure of the Atom The Structure of the Atom • Overview of Atomic Structure • Atomic Number and Mass Number • Isotopes Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/the-structure-of-the-atom-34/

  9. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > The Periodic Table The Periodic Table • The Periodic Table • Molecules • Ions Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/the-periodic-table-35/

  10. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Types of Chemical Bonds Types of Chemical Bonds • Introduction to Bonding • Ionic Bonds • Covalent Bonds Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/types-of-chemical-bonds-36/

  11. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Chemical Formulas Chemical Formulas • Molecular Formulas • Empirical Formulas • Formulas of Ionic Compounds Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/chemical-formulas-37/

  12. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Naming Compounds Naming Compounds • Naming Ionic Compounds • Naming Molecular Compounds • Naming Acids and Bases • Naming Hydrates • Naming Familiar Inorganic Compounds Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/naming-compounds-38/

  13. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Organic Compounds Organic Compounds • Introduction to Hydrocarbons Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/atoms-molecules-and-ions-2/organic-compounds-39/

  14. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  15. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Key terms • anhydrideAny compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule; a molecule with no water. • anionIons that are negatively charged because they have more electrons than protons. • aromaticHaving a closed ring of alternate single and double bonds with delocalized electrons. • atomThe smallest possible amount of matter that still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. • atomThe smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. • atomThe smallest possible amount of matter that still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. • atomThe smallest possible amount of matter that still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. • atomic massThe average mass of an atom, taking into account all its naturally occurring isotopes. • atomic mass unitThe standard unit that is used for indicating mass of an atom. • atomic numberThe number of protons in an atom. • atomic numberThe number, equal to the number of protons in an atom, that determines its chemical properties. Symbol: Z • bondA link or force between neighboring atoms in a molecule or compound. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  16. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions • carbohydrateA sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant; a saccharide • cathode raysStreams of electrons observed in vacuum tubes • cationIons that are positively charged because they have more protons than electrons. • common nameThe name by which a species is known to the general public, rather than its taxonomic or scientific name. • compoundwhen two or more different atoms are held together by a covalent bond. All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds. • covalentwhen 2 or more nonmetallic atoms are bound together by sharing electrons. • covalent bondAn interaction between two atoms, which involves the sharing of one or more electrons to help each atom satisfy the octet rule. This interaction typically forms between two non-metals. • crookes tubeAn early experimental electrical discharge tube, invented by English physicist William Crookes and others around 1869-1875, in which cathode rays, streams of electrons, were discovered • electronThe subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity. • electronegativeTending to attract electrons within a chemical bond. • electronegativityThe tendency of an atom or molecule to attract electrons and thus form bonds. • electropositiveTending to not attract electrons (repel) within a chemical bond. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  17. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions • elementAny one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means, and are made up of atoms all having the same number of protons. • empirical formulaA formula that indicates the simplest whole number ratio of all the atoms in a molecule. • empirical formulaA notation indicating the ratios of the various elements present in a compound, without regard to the actual numbers. • groupA vertical column in the periodic table, which signifies the number of valence shell electrons in an element's atom. • half-lifeThe time it takes for half of the original concentration of an isotope to decay back to its more stable form. • hydrateA solid compound containing or linked to water molecules. • intermolecular forcesRefers to interactions between two or more molecules. • intramolecularRefers to interactions within a molecule. • ionAn atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution. • ionic bondAn attraction between two ions used to create an ionic compound. This attraction usually forms between a metal and a non-metal. • isomerMolecules with the same number of atoms in different geometric arrangements. • isotopeAny of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  18. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions • law of conservation of massA law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed; it is merely rearranged. • law of definite compositionA law that states that chemical compounds are formed of constant and defined ratios of elements as determined by mass. • law of multiple proportionsA law stating that if two elements form a compound, then the ratio of the mass of the second element and the mass of the first element will be small whole number ratios. • law of multiple proportionsThe law stating that reactants will always combine in set whole number ratios. • mass numberThe sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons in an atom. • molecular formulaA formula that describes the exact number and type of atoms in a single molecule of a compound. • moleculeTwo or more atoms that are held together by a chemical covalent bond. • monatomic ionAn ion made of only one atom, for example Cl-. • neutronA subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom. It has no charge. It is equal in mass to a proton or it weighs 1 amu. • nomenclatureA set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. • octet ruleAn atom is most stable when there are eight electrons in its valence shell. • oil drop experimentExperiment performed by Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher in 1909 to measure the charge of the electron. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  19. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions • periodA horizontal row in the periodic table, which signifies the total number of electron shells in an element's atom. • polyatomic ionA charged species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded. Also known as a molecular ion. • polyatomic ionA set of covalently bonded atoms that have an overall charge, making them an ion. • productA chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction. • protonPositively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element. It weighs 1 amu. • radioactive isotopesan atom with an unstable nucleus, characterized by excess energy available that undergoes radioactive decay and creates most commonly gamma rays, alpha or beta particles. • radiocarbon datingDetermining the age of an object by comparing the ratio of the 14C concentration found in it to the amount of 14C in the atmosphere. • reactantAny of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction. Also, a molecule before it undergoes a chemical change. • saturated hydrocarbonCompounds that consist entirely of single bonds, so that each carbon atom is connected to four other atoms • single bondA type of covalent bond where only two electrons are shared between atoms. • Stock systemA system of naming that includes using Roman numerals to indicate the charge on transition metals. • structural formulaA formula that indicates not only the number of atoms, but also their arrangement in space. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  20. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions • unsaturated hydrocarbonsA molecule where some of the carbons are connected to fewer than four neighboring atoms. Usually the molecule contains double or triple bonds. • valence electronsThe electrons of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds with other atoms. They are the furthest electrons from the nucleus. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  21. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com wilipedia."caffeine molecule.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffeine_Molecule.pngView on Boundless.com

  22. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions caffeine molecule Caffeine is a complicated molecule, composed of many atoms bonded to each other in a specific arrangement. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com wikipedia."caffeine molecule.png."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Caffeine_Molecule.pngView on Boundless.com

  23. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Joseph Proust Portrait of Joseph Proust Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Joseph Proust."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_ProustView on Boundless.com

  24. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy This image from Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, published in 1808, depicts various atoms and molecules. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."John Dalton."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_DaltonView on Boundless.com

  25. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Hydrogen ions The relationship between a molecule, its cation, and its anion is shown. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Ions."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ions.svgView on Boundless.com

  26. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Naming Compounds - Part 2 - YouTube This video explains how to use a chemical name to write the formula for that compound. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  27. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions A benzene molecule The benzene molecules and its derivatives are the basis for aromatic structures. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Benzene-2D-full.svgView on Boundless.com

  28. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions The periodic table The periodic table is a tabular display of all the chemical elements. The atoms are grouped in order of increasing atomic number. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Periodic%20table%20of%20the%20elements."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Periodic_table_of_the_elements.jpgView on Boundless.com

  29. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Periodic Properties: Part 3, Ionic Radius, Predicting Ionic Charges - YouTube A continuation of the discussion of periodic properties, including ionic radius and how to predict ionic charges. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  30. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chemical bonds This pictures shows examples of chemical bonding using Lewis dot notation. Hydrogen and carbon are not bonded, while in water there is a single bond between each hydrogen and oxygen. Bonds, especially covalent bonds, are often represented as lines between bonded atoms. Acetylene has a triple bond, a special type of covalent bond that will be discussed later. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chemical bond."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondView on Boundless.com

  31. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Atomic number, chemical symbol, and mass number Carbon has an atomic number of six, and two stable isotopes with mass numbers of twelve and thirteen, respectively. Its average atomic mass is 12.11. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 27, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44390/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

  32. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Models of the Atom Timeline - YouTube This video is about the different ways that scientists have pictured the atoms over the years. It starts with Democritus and Leucippus, the first philosophers to discuss atoms. The video also covers the work of Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and Schrodinger. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  33. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Charge of an Electron: Millikan How did scientists discover how much negative charge an electron had? Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher used the oil drop experiment. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  34. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Chemistry 3.1 Introduction to the Periodic Table - YouTube An introduction to the periodic table which identifies metals, ,nonmetals, and metalloids by location and compares and contrasts the physical properties of metals and nonmetals. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  35. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Introduction To Ionic Compounds Video Series by Leah4sci - YouTube This video explains the basics of ions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  36. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Butane The structural formula of butane. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chemical%252520formula."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulaView on Boundless.com

  37. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Structural formula of butane The chemical structure of butane indicates not only the number of atoms, but also their arrangement in space. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chemical formula."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulaView on Boundless.com

  38. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Oil drop apparatus A very similar oil drop apparatus was used by Millikan. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Oil-drop-experiment-apparatus."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil-drop-experiment-apparatus.jpgView on Boundless.com

  39. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Antoine Lavoisier A portrait of Antoine Lavoisier, the scientist credited with the discovery of the law of conservation of mass. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Conservation of mass."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_massView on Boundless.com

  40. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Protons, neutrons, and electrons Both protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 amu and are found in the nucleus. However, protons have a charge of +1, and neutrons are uncharged. Electrons have a mass of approximately 0 amu, orbit the nucleus, and have a charge of -1. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 30, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44390/latest/?collection=col11448/latestView on Boundless.com

  41. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Application of carbon dating The age of carbon-containing remains less than 50,000 years old, such as this pygmy mammoth, can be determined using carbon dating. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44390/latest/Figure_02_01_03.jpgView on Boundless.com

  42. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Crookes tube A Crookes tube is a rarefied tube evacuated to a pressure below 10−6 atm. It was used in discovery of cathode rays. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Cathode rays."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathode_raysView on Boundless.com

  43. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Discovery of the Electron: Cathode Ray Tube Experiment - YouTube J.J. Thompson discovered the electron, the first of the subatomic particles, using the cathode ray tube experiment. Thompson's work disproved John Dalton's theory of the atom. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  44. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Nomenclature of common acids This chart provides the nomenclature of some common anions and acids Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Steve Lower.CC BY-SAhttp://www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/intro/int-5.html#SEC3View on Boundless.com

  45. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions From the Molecular Formula to the Empirical Formula - YouTube This video shows how to go from the molecular formula of a compound to its corresponding empirical formula. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  46. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Isobutane The structural formula of isobutane. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chemical%252520formula."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formulaView on Boundless.com

  47. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Formation of sodium flouride The transfer of electrons between two atoms to create two ions that attract each other because they are oppositely charged. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."NaF."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NaF.gifView on Boundless.com

  48. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Simplified scheme of Millikan's oil-drop experiment This apparatus has a parallel pair of horizontal metal plates. A uniform electric field is created between them. The ring has three holes for illumination and one for viewing through a microscope. A specific type of oil is sprayed into the chamber, where drops become electrically charged. The droplets enter the space between the plates and can be controlled by changing the voltage across the plates. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Simplified scheme of Millikan's oil-drop experiment."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Simplified_scheme_of_Millikan%E2%80%99s_oil-drop_experiment.pngView on Boundless.com

  49. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions John Dalton and the Law of Definite Proportions - YouTube This video examines the law of definite proportions and the law of multiple proportions. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

  50. Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Cation and Anion Formation - Ionic Compounds Part 2 - YouTube This video shows you how monoatomic ions get their charge, and how to quickly find the charge of ions by looking at the periodic table. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com View on Boundless.com

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