NURSING MODELS

1. NURSING MODELS

2. What is a Nursing Model? “Frameworks that identify, describe and explain a range of nursing concepts; traditionally named after the nurse theorists who first propounded them, e.g. Roy's model, Rogers' model, Roper, Logan, Tierney model etc.” ‘nursing models’ 2006, in Churchill Livingstone’s Dictionary of Nursing, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, viewed 08 November 2010, <fromhttp://www.credoreference.com/entry/ehscldictnursing/nursing_models>

3. Nursing Models are a framework for approaching how you carry out your nursing duties. There are many different models. We will look at a BRIEFoverview of four.

4. Roper, Logan & Tierney The most widely used model in the UK. Where care planned and evaluated to meet the “needs of living”. Either by the patient independently or through assistance by nurse. What are the “needs of living”?

5. Group Work On paper - Write down our needs from neonate to elderly On Flipchart – Put our needs into categories?. Compare these to 12 Activities of Daily Living and Orem’s Requisites. Which is closest?

6. 12 Activities of Daily Living • breathing, • communication, • controlling body temperature, • Death & dying, • eating and drinking, • elimination, • expressing sexuality, • maintaining a safe environment, • mobilizing, • personal cleansing and dressing, • sleeping • working and playing.

7. Orem Model – Self-Care Nursing model “The goal of the Orem system is to meet the patient’s self-care demands until the family and/or patient is capable of providing care” ‘Orem, Dorothea E.’ 2009, in Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, viewed 08 November 2010, <fromhttp://www.credoreference.com/entry/ehsmosbymed/orem_dorothea_e>

8. Self-Care Categories This model is based on patients being encouraged to take as much responsibility for their own care as possible. Self-Care falls into 3 categories of: Universal Requisites (needs we all have), Developmental Requisites (due to maturity and level of development, i.e.- Infancy, The developmental stages of childhood, adolescence and early adulthood) Health Deviation Requisites (due to medical condition).

9. Eight Requisites Air Water Food Elimination – (being in control of) Activity/Rest (being in control of balance) Solitude/Social Interaction (Balance) Prevention of Hazards – to themselves Promotion of Normality

10. Nurses rate Patients Dependencies Total Compensation – Nurse doing all care Partial Compensation – Nurse and Patient responsible for care. Educative/Supportive – Patient responsible but Nurse provides education/support

11. Orem Handout

12. Henderson The theory is based on the concepts that the body and mind are inseparable, no two individuals are alike, and the role of nursing is independent of the functions of the medical team, (doctors etc). The Henderson theory believes that 14 components of basic nursing care contribute to the health of a patient.

13. 14 Components • breathing, • eating and drinking, • elimination, • movement and posture, • clothing, • maintenance of body temperature, • cleaning and grooming of the body, • avoidance of environmental dangers and injury, • communication, • sleep and rest • worship, • work, • play and recreation, • learning and discover

14. Peplau “Peplau proposed hypotheses based on the premise of the interpersonal process” ‘Peplau, Hildegard E.’ 2009, in Mosby’s Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, & Health Professions, Elsevier Health Sciences, Philadelphia, viewed 08 November 2010, <from http://www.credoreference.com/entry/ehsmosbymed/peplau_hildegard_e>

15. In other words Dr. Peplau high-lighted the nurse-client relationship as the foundation of nursing practice Peplau wrote that the nurse-patient relationship occurs in phases during which the nurse functions as a resource person, a counsellor, and a surrogate.

16. The four phases of the relationship are orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution. The nurse assists in orientation when a patient with a need seeks help. Identification assures the patient that the nurse can understand his or her situation. Exploitation begins when the patient uses the services available. Resolution is marked as old needs are met and newer ones emerge.