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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. LG: How Does the Reproductive System Carry Out Its Function?. Do Now:. 1. Identify the substance in a vaccine that makes the vaccine effective. 2.Identify the relationship between a vaccine and white blood cell activity.

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

  2. LG: How Does the Reproductive System Carry Out Its Function? Do Now: 1. Identify the substance in a vaccine that makes the vaccine effective. 2.Identify the relationship between a vaccine and white blood cell activity. 3. Explain why the response of the immune system to a vaccine is specific. 4. State one reason why it would be difficult to develop a vaccine to be used against the common cold.

  3. LG: How Does the Reproductive System Carry Out Its Function? Do Now: Define the following Gonads: Gametes: Ovary: Testes:

  4. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Involved in the formation of new individuals. Produces, stores, and releases specialized sex cells known as gametes. Controlled by: HORMONES

  5. Grading Policy Participation: 20% Tests/Quizzes: 20% Preparation/Effort: 20% Portfolios: 20% Lab: 10% Homework: 10% e.g: A student did 5 of the 10 labs (5), no HW (0), Test average: 70 (14), no uniform, talkative, late (5), participate (18), portfolios (20). Total: 5+0+14+5+18+20=64

  6. Male and Female Structures are Homologous: derived from common tissue

  7. SEXORGANS (Gonads) Male: TESTES Produces: testosterone and releases sperm cells (23n=23chromosomes) Female: OVARIES Produces: estrogen, progesterone and releases egg cells (23n=23 chromosomes)

  8. SEXCELLS (Gametes) Male: SPERM Produced in TESTES via the process of SPERMATOGENESIS 4 viable sperm are produced Female: OOCYTES (EGGS) Produced in OVARIES via the process of OOGENESIS 1 viable egg and (3 polar bodies: wither, die)

  9. Regents Question

  10. Regents Question

  11. PUBERTY Time when the reproductive systems of males and females become fully functional Results in fully developed male and female reproductive organs Can occur between 9-15; females on average go through puberty before males

  12. Male Anatomy • Urinary Bladder (A) • Vas Deferens (B): Transports sperm fromtestes to urethra • Urethra (C): Discharges sperm & urine • Testes (D): male gonad, produces sperm & secretes testosterone

  13. Male Side View

  14. Testes: sperm and testosterone • Series of tubes: • Seminiferous tubules (sperm development) • Straight ducts • Rete testis • Efferent ductule • Epididymis (sperm mature) • Ductus deferens

  15. Developmemt of sperm • Called spermatogenesis • Occurs in the seminiferous tubules

  16. Spermatogenesis • The midpiece contains lots of mitochondria—why? The sperm have a long journey, they need a lot of energy (ATP) Slide 7 of 18

  17. Male Anatomy Continued • Sperm (cell) ≠ Semen (fluid) • Bulbourethral glands - produce an alkaline (basic) solution to neutralize acidity of urethra • Prostate gland – produces enzyme to make semen gelatinous • Seminal vesicles – solution that contains food (fructose) for the sperm.

  18. Pathway of Semenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0pJOHRpo1Po • Epididymis  Vas Deferens  Urethra • A vasectomy is a procedure in which the vas deferens is cut so that the man will no longer be able to father children.

  19. Regents Question

  20. Regents Question

  21. Female Anatomy • Fallopian tube (aka: Oviduct) (A): where fertilization takes place • Ovary (B): female gonad, makes the egg and female hormones • Vagina (C): also called the birth canal • Uterus (D): site of embryo development

  22. FemaleSide View • Uterus (A) • Vagina (B) • Urinary bladder (C) • Fallopian tube (D)

  23. Regents Question

  24. LG: How Does the Reproductive System Carry Out Its Function? Do Now: Label the following structures

  25. MENSTRUAL CYCLEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJsrGmWeKE OVULATION: an egg is released from an ovary. The uterus prepares to receive a fertilized egg. Happens about every 28 days from 14-54 years of age

  26. If the egg is fertilized it is implanted in the uterus The brain detects levels of hormones in the blood to determine if the female is pregnant. If the female is not pregnant she will go through menstruation to discharge the unfertilized egg, tissue and blood.

  27. http://www-tc.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/sfeature/sf_cycle.swf

  28. Menstrual Cycle Stages follicle stage (10-14 days average duration) production of ova/eggs occurs in tiny cavities in the ovary called follicles enlarging follicle produces estrogen which causes the uterus to get ready for embryo implantation (uterus thickens its lining)

  29. Menstrual Cycle Stages 2. ovulation (1 day) follicle enlarges and ruptures ovary wall egg is released to the oviduct (usually only 1 is released at a time)

  30. Menstrual Cycle Stages 3. corpus luteum stage (10-14 days average duration) yellow tissue fills the follicle after ovulation called the corpus luteum "yellow body" secretes progesterone which maintains the thickness of the uterus in case a pregnancy occurs

  31. Menstrual Cycle Stages 4. menstruation (3-5 days average duration) periodic shedding of the thickened lining of the uterus which occurs if fertilization does not occur

  32. Regents Question

  33. A: FSH B: Estrogen C: LH D: Progesterone P: Menstruation Q: Growth of follicle R: Ovulation S: Development of corpus luteum

  34. REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS Fertilization: When the sperm (23n) and egg (23n) join together to form a single cell (46n) Zygote: the single cell formed from fertilization (fertilized egg) Implantation: When the newly formed embryo attaches to the uterus wall

  35. Regents Question

  36. Regents Question

  37. Fertilization and Development http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5OvgQW6FG4 http://www.johnwiley.net.au/highered/interactions/media/Continuity/content/Continuity/c3a/frameset.htm

  38. Regents Question

  39. Embryo: developmental stage before a fetus Placenta: Formed by the mother; provides nutrients and takes away wastes from the developing embryo. Umbilical Cord: The connection between the fetus and the placenta. Blood from baby & mom DO NOT MIX

  40. Fallopian Tube (Oviduct):the egg travels from the ovary to the uterus through the fallopian tube; fertilization takes place here Cervix: the opening to the uterus; prevents pathogens from entering Vagina (birth canal):structure the baby travels through from the uterus to the outside world.

  41. Reproductive Process A: Fallopian Tube       D: Uterus wall B: Placenta                E: Cervix C: Ovary

  42. REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS A: Placenta

  43. Regents Question

  44. Regents Question

  45. PRENATAL CARE Should see a doctor once a month Take prenatal vitamins Do not use alcohol, illegal drugs or cigarettes. Ask doctor before taking prescription or over the counter drugs

  46. Regents Question Women are advised to avoid consuming alcoholic beverages during pregnancy. Identify the structure labeled A in the diagram and explain how the functioning of structure A is essential for the normal development of the fetus.

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