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Understanding Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions: Heat Definitions and Types

This guide explores the concept of energy, focusing on types such as radiant, kinetic, and potential energy. It explains how energy changes during chemical reactions, distinguishing between endothermic and exothermic reactions. Key definitions are provided, such as activation energy, and visual representations of energy diagrams are included to enhance understanding. Learn about how energy absorption and release affects the temperature and behavior of substances in reactions, which is crucial for understanding chemical processes.

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Understanding Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions: Heat Definitions and Types

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  1. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS

  2. HEAT DEFINITION: • ENERGY • THE ABILITY TO DO WORK

  3. TYPES OF ENERGY RADIANT ENERGY: • DEF: LIGHT (LIGHT USUALLY ISN’T REFERRED TO AS “HEAT” BUT IT SHOULD BE INCLUDED IN THIS DISCUSSION) • DIFFERENT COLORS HAVE DIFFERENT ENERGIES INFRARED < RED < PURPLE < ULTRAVIOLET

  4. TYPES OF ENERGY KINETIC ENERGY: • DEF: ENERGY BECAUSE OF MOTION THIS IS THE ENERGY YOU FEEL WHEN THE WEATHER IS “HOT” • HIGHER TEMPERATURE MEANS THE PARTICLES ARE MOVING FASTER (THERE IS NO SUCH THING AS “COLD”… COLD IS JUST THE ABSENCE OF HEAT)

  5. TYPES OF ENERGY POTENTIAL ENERGY: • DEF: ENERGY BECAUSE OF POSITION (OF THE ATOMS IN A COMPOUND) THIS IS THE ENERGY STORED IN A CHEMICAL • IE. DYNAMITE & GASOLINE HAS A LOT OF ENERGY BUT DON’T FEEL HOT (Name a food that has a lot of energy/calories but is COLD.)

  6. POTENTIAL ENERGY • POTENTIAL ENERGY IS FREQUENTLY SHOWN ON A GRAPH LIKE THIS… HIGH ENERGY LOW ENERGY ICE CREAM CANDY PASTA YOGURT CELERY CELERY WATER

  7. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • REACTIONS USUALLY INCLUDE A CHANGE IN THE ENERGY OF THE “SYSTEM” IE. The potential energy of the reactants is NOT the same as the potential energy of the products IE. CH4 + O2→ H2O + CO2 high energy →low energy

  8. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • ENDOTHERMIC DEF: A REACTION THAT ABSORBS ENERGY FACT: THE REACTION ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE SURROUNDINGS AND THEREFORE USUALLY FEELS COOLER IE. Evaporating water REACTION HEAT HEAT HEAT

  9. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • THE POTENTIAL ENERGY DIAGRAM OF AN ENDOTHERMIC REACTION WOULD LOOK LIKE THIS: PRODUCTS (END OF RXN) PROGRESS OF RXN REACTANTS (START OF RXN)

  10. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • EXOTHERMIC DEF: A REACTION THAT RELEASES ENERGY FACT: THE REACTION RELEASES HEAT TO THE SURROUNDINGS AND THEREFORE USUALLY FEELS WARMER IE. Burning a fuel REACTION HEAT HEAT HEAT

  11. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • THE POTENTIAL ENERGY DIAGRAM OF AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION WOULD LOOK LIKE THIS: REACTANTS (START OF RXN) PROGRESS OF RXN PRODUCTS (END OF RXN)

  12. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • SOME RXNS REQUIRE ENERGY TO BE ADDED TO START THE RXN… BUT AFTER IT STARTS YOU DON’T HAVE TO KEEP ADDING ENERGY. • ACTIVATION ENERGY DEF: THE ENERGY REQUIRED TO START A REACTION IE. Lighting a match

  13. ENERGY CHANGES IN REACTIONS • THE POTENTIAL ENERGY DIAGRAM OF AN EXOTHERMIC REACTION WITH AN ACTIVATION ENERGY WOULD LOOK LIKE THIS: ACTIVATED ACT. ENERGY PROGRESS OF RXN REACTANTS (START OF RXN) PRODUCTS (END OF RXN)

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