1 . 时间状语从句：

2. 1.时间状语从句： 引导时间状语从句的连词有： when, while, as, the moment, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as 等。 请注意 when, while, as 的区别

3. 各种连接词的具体用法 • 用when, while或as 填空: • _______________ we were talking, Mr Smiths came in. • _____ they came home, I was cooking dinner. • I was about to go to bed _______ I heard someone knock at t the door. • 4. ________ we were watching TV, he was studying. • 5. He is fat _______ his brother is thin. • 6. ______ she sang, tears ran down her face. • Conclusion: • A: 从句为”当……的时候”,从句谓语为延续性动词,主句谓语为非延续性动词(即终止性动词), 三者可通用. • B 当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词,只能用when; 表示”正在那时”, 也只能用when. • .C.从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时, 只能用while; while还可作并列连词,表示”而”. While/ As/ When when when While while As

4. when, while, as三者的具体用法关键在于动作发生的时间及从句的动词。while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，不用瞬间动词；when 表时间，从句既可用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词；as 表时间，与when 相似，但侧重强调主、从句动作同点或同段进行，可用延续行动词的一般过去式表式过去进行时。when, while 后还可以接分词短语。when 作并列连词，表示一个动作在发生时，另一个动作接着发生，这时就不能用while、as。 I was walking on the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder. while 作并列连词，表示两种情况对比。 He was playing the guitar while his sister was watching TV.

5. when引导的句子：when作连词时，主要义项有： • （1）在那时，突然……； • Eg. He was about to tell me the secret when someone patted him on the should. • （2）当……时候； • （3）刚（一）……就……； • Eg. I’ll go to see you when you come back. • （4）如果（同if）； • Eg. Call me at once when anything goes wrong with the machine. • （5）可是，虽然； • Eg. She usually walks when she might ride. • （6）既然（同since） • Eg. Why did you write with a pencil when you know you should write in ink?

6. 考点小结——while 的用法 1、 在…期间；与…同时 ， • ---Is there any place where we can listen to some music? ---There is a teahouse where you can enjoy classical music, ______ having some Chinese tea or other soft drinks. • A. where B. unless C. while D. when

7. 2、并列连词表示对比或转折，意为：而，然而2、并列连词表示对比或转折，意为：而，然而 • I'd like to study law at university ________ my cousin prefers geography. • A. though B. as C. while D. for • We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, ______, in fact, there were 40. • A.while B.whether C.what D.which

8. 3、while引导让步状语从句，相当于although • ______ your opinions are worth considering, the president finds it unwise to place too much importance on them. • A. As B. Since C. When D. While • ______ I really don't like art, I find his work impressive. • A. As B. Since C. If D. while • ______ there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. • A. When B. While C. If D. As

9. 4、引导条件状语从句，while=as long as 只要 You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心， 你迟早会成功。 While there is life , there is hope.

10. 高考as考点用法小结 • 一. as作连词使用，引导状语从句 • 1. 引导时间状语从句。当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时,只能用as, 译为”一边……一边……; 随着……” • Babies sleep 16 to 18 hours in every 24 hours, and they sleep less as they grow. • 2. 引导原因状语从句，常位于句首。因为；由于；例如： • As he was wet all over, he decided to have a bath • 3. 引导方式状语从句。以……的方式; 例如: • When at Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗

11. 4. 引导比较状语从句。同……一样到某种程度；与……等同； • He looks as ill as he sounded on the phone. • 他的样子和他在电话中说话的声音反映的病情是一样的。 • His eyes aren’t quite as blue as they look in the film. • 5.引导让步状语从句。虽然；尽管； • 其句型结构为名词/形容词/副词/动词+ as +主语+谓语。 • Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow. • Much as I admire David as a poet, I don’t like him as a man.

12. Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.（＝Although he was a child,…） • 尽管他还是个孩子，他懂得该做什么。 • 注意：as引导的这种让步状语从句中作表语的名词前置时，该名词前不用冠词，如不说A child as he was,… • 2）状语（副词）＋as ＋主语＋实义动词 • Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.（＝Although you read fast,…） • 尽管你读得快，也不能在三天内读完这本书。

13. Bravely as they fought, they had no chance of winning.（＝Although they fought bravely,…） • 虽然他们打得很勇敢，但是没有可能获胜。

14. Try hard as he may, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽了力，但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。

15. 二. as 作关系代词使用，引导定语从句 • as引导定语从句时,有“正如,正像”的意思.既可以引导限定性定语从句,也可以引导非限定性定语从句,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语.

16. 1. as引导限定性定语从句,构成the same…as, such…as等结构.如： • He is such a good teacher as everybody respects • 2.as引导非限定性定语从句,说明整个句子.如: • As is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.

17. 注意:as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以，在句中时，as有“正如，好像”之意，而which则没有。如：注意:as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以，在句中时，as有“正如，好像”之意，而which则没有。如： • She was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy. • As I had expected, the number of the audience was well over two thousand. 正如我所预料的那样，观众的数量多于两千。

18. as引导的此类定语从句常用的有: • as is said above, as is known to all, as it is, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper, as has happened等。 • 三．as if/as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句。好像；似乎；仿佛。例如： • He behaved as if/as though nothing happened.

19. 四．as常见的其他考点有： • As a rule, the first bus will be here at six. (通常) • As a scientist, he was dedicated to the truth.（作为…） • When the car was repaired, it looked as good as new. （几乎） • As for you, you’d better be quick.（至于某人） • We had no idea at all as to what we ought to do.(至于…或关于…)

20. As far as I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.（就…/据…） • As long as you keep on trying, I don’t really mind whether you can come top in your class.（只要…） • You must do your homework as carefully as possible .（尽可能…） • He has experience as well as knowledge.(连词词组，表示“同，不但…而且”)/He has knowledge and experience as well.(用于句末，意为“也”)

21. 问题2：1) — Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? — Yes. He had never praised him he became one of the top students in his grade. （03北京春季） A．after B．unless C．until D．When 2) Simon thought his computer was broken ________ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on. （05北京春季） A. until B. unless C. after D. because C A until / till “直到……止”(肯定句，主句是延续性动词); not…until “直到……才”(否定句，主句是终止性动词); until 可用于倒装句和强调句，till不用于句首。 Not until I returned did she finish her homework. It was not until I returned home that she finished her homework.

22. till 与until: till/ until 1. He lived with his parents ________ he graduated from college. 2. Not ____ he told me did I know the truth. 3. The children won’t ________ (come/ be) home until/ till it’s dark. 4. It was _________ the war was over that he returned to his land. until come not until Conclusion: • 主句为肯定句时, 主句的谓语动词应为延续性动词. 2. 当主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时,谓语动词应用否定式. 3. 位于句首时.只能用until, 不用till. 4. not…until可改写为: It is/ was not until… that强调句.”not+ until引导的从句, 一同置于强调句中. 5. Till与until 还可作介词,后接名词. 如: I waited till/ until 3 o’clock.

23. 问题3：1、The American Civil War lasted four years ______ the North won in the end. (05广东卷) A. after B. before C. when D. then 2、He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation ______ it got worse. （03北京） A. until B. when C. before D. as B C before 从句是高考中的一大热点，从时间概念上不难作出判断。注意它的翻译：在肯定句中一般翻译成“…（主句的动作）才…（从句的动作）”，如题1；或“还没有…（从句的动作）就…（主句的动作）”，如题2。

24. the use of “before”

25. before BY 张岚

26. 1,表示“在----之前” ，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系。 • They had got everything ready before I arrived. • She didn’t understand me before I explained it to her . • The train had left before I arrived at the station.

27. 表示“---才---”， 强调从句的谓语动词所表达的时间‘距离很长或花费的力量比较大。 • The workers worked long hours for two weeks before everything returned to normal. • The bitg fire lasted four hours before the firemen brought it under control. • We waited a long time before the train arrived.

28. 表示“还未来得及----就----”，强调主句位于动词所表达的时间’距离很短或花费的精力比较小。表示“还未来得及----就----”，强调主句位于动词所表达的时间’距离很短或花费的精力比较小。 • Before I could figure out what had happened , he forced me into the car. • He jumped into the water before I could stop him. • Her father died before she was born.

29. 表示“趁着---” • We can set off early before it gets hot . • You’d better write the phrases down before you forget them. • Please put them away before they are missing.

30. 表示“一---就----”、“刚刚---就”，与hardly, scarcely连用。 • He had hardly gone to bed before the door bell rang. • She had scarcely got off the train before(when) her daughter ran towards her.

31. 表示“不知不觉多少时间已经过去了” • He was so absorbed in his work that four hours had passed before he knew it. • Time passed quickly and three months went by before he knew it .

32. 表示“宁可，宁愿”，相当于 rather than. • I’d die before I apologized to them. • I would be poor before I got money in this way.

33. It was ----before • It wasn’t ----before • It will be ---before • It won’t be ----before • It was long before he came to help me. • It wasn’t long before the fire was put out. • It will be another five days before we finish this task. • It won’t be a long time before someone comes to see you.

34. Before与after: • You should Finish your homework ______ you go out to play. • he had left the town the day ______ she arrived. • He had walked three days ____ he found water. • It was not long _____ he left his hometown. • I played football _____ I (had) finished my homework • Please tell her I’ll come _ ___ I do some shopping. • It will not be long _____ we meat each other again. after after Conclusion: 1. Before作为连词, 有多种含义,必须根据上下文作出合理的判断. 2. Before与after所引导的时间状语从句中, 用现在时表示将来时. 3. Before与after 还可作介词,后接名词或-ing形式. 4.Before引导的从句是过去式, 主句是过去时或过去完成时;. 主句为过去时,after从句可用一般过去时代替过去完成时.

35. 问题4：— Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? — Yes, I gave it to her _______ I saw her. （01北京春季） A．while B．the moment C．suddenly D．once B the time（当……的时刻）, the moment / minute / second / instant (一… 就… ), next time (下次), the first time(第一次…的时候), the last time (上次…的时候)，immediately（一…就…）, instantly（一…就…）, directly（一…就…）等词或词组可引导表示时间的状语从句；还有一些表示习惯性动作的词如：every time（每次）, each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等也可引导表示时间的状语从句。

36. 特别注意：问题5 Hardly … when … No sooner … than … Child as he is, … Hardly had he got to the station, the train left. No sooner had he got to the station, the train left. Child as he is, he can speak seven foreign languages. 特殊句型： be about to do…when It is/ has been+一段时间+since从句 It was/ won’t be +一段时间+before从句

37. 其它的时间状语从句: have been • I__________ (be) at his bedside since he _______ (become) ill. • It _________ (be) two years since we _______ (begin) to use this machine. • _______________________he saw the monster, he turned pale. • The spy had _________ returned home than he was told to go to another country. • We had ________returned home when it rained. • _______ had we begun when we told to stop. became • ill. is/ has been began The moment/ minute/ As soon as No sooner hardly Hardly Conclusion: 1. Since表示”自从……以来”, 以过去某一时间为起点,持续到现在或过去的某个时候; since从句用过去时态, 主句一般用现在完成时. 2. It is/ has been…since…句型. 3. 表示”一……就……”, 可用the moment; the minute; the instant; as soon as, immediately/ directly/ instantly以及hardly…when; no sooner…than… 等作为连词.

38. because, as, since/ now that; seeing (that)由于, considering that 考虑到, not because/ that…but because/ that… In that 原因状语从句

39. 用because, as, since 与for填空: 原因状语从句: • --Why are you crying, meg? • --- ______ I’ve broken your necklace, mom. • 2. I went to bed early _______ I was tired. • 3. I was not kind to him _______ he was poor. • 4. I was not kind to him, _______ he was rude. • 5. ________ I had a cold, I was absent from school. • 6. My mother was ill and I sent for Tom, ___ he was a doctor. • 7. _____ we are all here, let’s begin our class. because because because because As for Since Conclusion:

40. Since---既然 因语气较弱, 常译为既然 Since everybody has come, we can set off. Since the purser didn’t tell us what to do, we can relax.

41. Now that --- 既然 Now thatyou are here, you can join us. Now thatall airlines offer discount prices, we should do the same.

42. considering that --- 顾及到 Considering thatthey are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.

43. seeing that --- 由于 Seeing (that)quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off.

44. 原因状语从句 6．句型: It is because he behaved so badly that he must be punished. The reason why he isn’t coming is that his mother won’t let him come.

45. if, unless, once, on condition that, as/ so long as, so far as(据我所知…), providing/ provided (that), given (that)假定 Suppose , supposing 条件状语从句

46. 1、The WTO cannot live up to its name ____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. （2000全国） A．as long as B．whileC．if D．even though 2、It is known to all that _____ you exercise regularly, you won’t keep good health. （05重庆卷） A. unless B. whenever C. although D. if C A unless相当于 if not，意思是“除非…”“如果不…就…”。这也是高考的热点之一。复习时也应给予高度重视。

47. 问题2： 1、_____ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. （04北京春季） A. As long as B. As far as C. Just as D. Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ________ I have to wait. （05全国卷3） A．in case B．so that C．in order D．as if B A as long as与 as far as都可引导条件状语从句，as long as表示“只要…”，as far as表示“就…而论（而言）”。题1根据题意应该选用B。in case表示“以防”，根据题2的句意，不难作出选择。

48. 判断下列句子对错: • If I will have enough money next year, I will go to England. • If I am to blame, you are to blame. • I’d be very glad if you would come. 条件句的填空: • If I_______ (be) a bird, I would fly to you. • If you ________ (leave) home a little earlier this morning, you _______________ (catch) the bus. • If the sun __________ (rise) in the west, I _________ ___(change) my mind. • _____ he _____ (fall) through the ice, he would have drowned. • _____ bad weather stops me, I jog every day. • _______ I have to sell my house, I’ll help those poor children to go on with their studies. • I’ll go ___________________ you go. • _______ anything important happens, please call me up. were had left would have caught should rise would change fallen Had Unless Even if As / so long as In case

49. Conclusion: • 条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来时. • If 从句如果表示主语的意志,意愿, 或以you作主语表请求时, 则用will或would. • Unless不用于虚拟条件句. • In case引导状语从句; 而in case of后接sth. / doing sth. 判断下列句子类型: 1. You would let your children play where you can see them. 2. You would let your children play in the place where you can see them. Conclusion:

50. where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere. 地点状语从句