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HIV Prevention Training Package

HIV Prevention Training Package. Session 3: Reducing Risk. Session Learning Objectives. Participants define vulnerability and resilience, and risk factors and drivers that put individuals and communities at risk for HIV infection.

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HIV Prevention Training Package

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  1. HIV Prevention Training Package Session 3: Reducing Risk

  2. Session Learning Objectives • Participants define vulnerability and resilience, and risk factors and drivers that put individuals and communities at risk for HIV infection. • Participants identify two key risk behaviors and three risk factors for key populations (PWID, SW, MSM, PLHA). • Participants utilize a participatory tool to analyze risk and risk factors for key populations.

  3. Risk (of contracting HIV) • The probability of an individual becoming infected by HIV, either through his or her own actions, knowingly or not, or via another person’s actions. (UNAIDS)

  4. Risk factor • “…an aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, an environmental exposure, or an inborn or inherited characteristic which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with health-related condition(s) considered important to prevent.” (Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3rd edition)

  5. Examples of risk factors • Physical factors: • Women, particularly young women and girls • Uncircumcised men • People with STIs • Personal factors: • Lack of knowledge • Lack of skills • Inability to assert needs/desires • Logistical factors • Social and economic factors: practices, beliefs, and laws that stigmatize and disempower certain populations Risk drivers

  6. Vulnerability (to HIV) • Reflects an individual’s or community’s inability to control the risk of HIV infection  • Includes factors such as social norms, economic status, political instability, or legal environment • Practices, beliefs, and laws can stigmatize and disempower certain populations

  7. Key populations • Individuals who sit at intersection of vulnerability and high risk and have higher risk of being infected or affected by HIV include: • Those who inject drugs (PWID ) • Sex workers and their clients • Men who have sex with men • PLHA • (COUNTRY Adaptation: Include basic definition and statistics for any additional groups listed in national prevention priorities) • Also called at-risk populations, most-at-risk, or MARP • Keypopulations play a key role in how HIV spreads and are also key to the response.

  8. Resilience • Allows an individual or community to overcome or bounce back from adversity • Allows an individual or community to adapt to circumstances and ultimately demonstrate a positive outcome • Pro-active — can also reduce risk  • Personality traits in individuals • Leadership in communities

  9. Risk drivers for key populations • Marginalization • Criminalization • No political will to address their needs • Violence/extortion • Can’t access appropriate, welcoming prevention services, commodities • Can’t access other services that could reduce risk • Overlapping vulnerabilities • STIGMA AND DISCRIMINATION

  10. Vulnerable populations • Youth/OVC • Young women/girls • Prisoners • Military/uniformed services • Migrants/displaced persons • Slum dwellers • Include any other populations noted in national prevention strategy.

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