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Discuss with partner:

Discuss with partner:. What is a coup? (If you have no clue, talk to someone who thinks they may know.) What are some advantages and disadvantages of a coup? What would be an expected outcome? What was happening in the world in the 1930s? What effect did this have on other countries?.

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Discuss with partner:

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  1. Discuss with partner: • What is a coup? (If you have no clue, talk to someone who thinks they may know.) • What are some advantages and disadvantages of a coup? What would be an expected outcome? • What was happening in the world in the 1930s? • What effect did this have on other countries?

  2. Which one is correct?  • 1.Co’oh de’tat • 2.C’ugh déi ta • 3.Coup d’état • 4.Cuhp dehtá • 5.Cúoh deta’

  3. Spanish Civil War (La Guerra Civil Española)

  4. La España • Spain was going through many consecutive years of political unrest, power struggles, and changes in leadership. • (e.g. in 1931, Alfonso X allowed for the first free elections in 60 years…when he saw people were voting for a republic instead, he fled into exile to avoid violence…new leaders scrambled for position…opposed the Church…Cortes (the Parliament)rejected reform…there was a failed coup…different radical leaders gained power…etc.) • This led to national instability, opposition, and insecurity among the people.

  5. La España • There were multiple political parties that had a huge following and distributed support. • Big elections in 1936 put the Loyalist Republican party in charge of Spain • Manuel Azaña (leader of the Second Republic) was put in charge of the Republicans • He helped to organize a coalition of political parties who were united in beliefs about reform and how to restore order to the country • They joined together to form the “Popular Front”

  6. Radical Azaña pushed his abundant reforms and created much controversy. • Some particular reforms spurred unforeseen national crisis: • He transferred many right-wing military leaders to Spanish posts outside of the country*** • He introduced agrarian reforms that penalized the land aristocracy

  7. Origins of war • Spain had a military post in Morocco… ***Azaña had sent Spanish General Francisco Franco there to run it • ………….. • Franco organized troops and began a COUP in Morocco • It failed  • This failed coup created enough political unrest to lead to scattered uprisings and a bloody civil war…so was it really a failure?

  8. Loyalist Republican Party • The existing Spanish Government • Led by President Manuel Azaña of the second Spanish Republic • Supported by urban workers/laborers, educated middle class, as well as militant anarchists and communists

  9. THE NATIONALISTS • Led by Franco was an extremist right wing general who: • Was opposed to the current Loyalist Republican Party led by Manuel Azaña • Was in support of a Fascist, Anti-communist government • Wanted a Nationalistic, unified Spain • Supported by military, landowners and businessmen

  10. War • With the support of several key generals Franco’s Fascist army had the means to begin a full scale coup—July 17, 1936 • The Fascists brutally attacked Southern Spain beginning in Andalucía and making its way to Madrid. • By September 29, 1936 Franco became the leader of the government and the Fascist movement in Spain.

  11. Map of Spain – July 1936

  12. Map of Spain – Oct.1936

  13. Foreign Support • Franco’s Fascist army was supported by Hitler’s Nazi Army and Mussolini’s Fascist army. • Franco traded Spain’s natural resources, i.e. (iron, ore and copper) for Germany’s and Italy’s weapons. • Azaña received aid from the Soviet Union, as well as International Brigades (volunteers from US and Europe) • Spanish Civil War veteran.

  14. Map of Spain – May 1938

  15. Map of Spain – Feb. 1939

  16. War • In 1937 Mussolini sent 70,000 forces to aid the Fascist army. • Hitler sent his support by providing the German Luftwaffe (German air force) to attack Basque Village in Spain.

  17. Guernica(El Bombardeo de Guernica) • On April 27, 1937 the Luftwaffe attacked the town of Guernica in Basque Village • This attack lasted for over three hours and killed or wounded 1,600 civilians • Guernica burned for three days.

  18. Guernica by Picasso • Picasso was stunned by the horrible images of the attack sketched the first images for the mural he will call Guernica • This mural toured Europe and America to raise consciousness about the threat of fascism that was being spread by Franco and his army

  19. Guernica by Picasso Bombing of Guernica

  20. End of the War • Despite foreign aid, two years of fighting had not resulted in much gain for either party. By mid-1938 there had been over 200,000 deaths. • In September 1938, the Munich Conference allowed Hitler to annex parts of Czechoslovakia to Germany—without Czech consent! • The world started to focus on Hitler’s actions—leaving Franco free to invade Madrid in March 1939. The nation surrendered to Franco, and the Civil War was over.

  21. Key Vocab Terms • Guernica by Picasso • Luftwaffe • La Guerra Civil de España • El Bombardeo de Guernica • Loyalist Republican Party

  22. Quiz • Which groups of people supported Franco’s Fascist movement? • Think of any modern day events that are similar to what transpired in Spain during 1937 and TELL ME WHAT THEY ARE! • Why did Picasso paint Guernica and how is this painting still applicable to today?

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