Evolution of International System: Past to Present

1. Key Events in International System Development

2. Key Events • The Beginning • 18th & 19th Centuries • 20th & 21st Centuries

3. The Beginning Why is this building, the Friedensaal, significant to international relations?

4. Treaty of Westphalia Signed in 1648- ended the 30 Years War

5. Treaty of Westphalia-1648 3 things came out of the Treaty: Sovereignty States System

6. Multipolar System of Europe Power Pole Power Pole Power Pole Growing Power 4+ Power Poles = Multipolar System Growing Power Power Pole

7. 18th & 19th Centuries

8. Evolution of Popular Sovereignty • Raison d’état(‘Requirements of the State’) • Divine Right of Kings • Challenges to raison d’état • ‘Popular’ sovereignty • American, French Revolutions http://dm-fa.org/academic/gerome2.html#11 http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/13/156722719/let-them-eat-kale-vegetarians-and-the-french-revolution

9. European Domination Scientific & Technological Advances • Naval Technology • Guns & Gunpowder • Industrial Revolution Colonialism & Imperialism • What are these? • Berlin Conference (1884-85) • Where? ¤

10. The Americas

11. Africa • Britain • France • Germany • Italy • Belgium • Portugal

12. Asia • Britain • Netherlands • France • U.S. • Japan • Russia

13. The Sun Never Sets

14. 20th & 21st Centuries

15. Among the terms of the Versailles Treaty were: • Surrender of all German colonies • Return disputed territories to France, Belgium, Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, and Poland • German reparations of £6,600 million (~ US 10.7 B) • An acceptance of Germany's guilt in causing the war • Limit army and navy troop sizes • No tanks, no heavy artillery, no poison-gas supplies, no aircraft , no airships, naval vessels under 100,000 tons, no submarines • Germany signed the Versailles Treaty under protest. The US Congress refused to ratify the treaty. • Excerpt from http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles.htm WWI • Treaty of Versailles • War Reparations • League of Nations • Empires end • Ottoman • Austro-Hungarian ¤ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Gap_in_the_Bridge.gif

16. Ottoman Empire from 1807-1924 • When the war started, the Ottoman Empire included: • All of Albania, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Romania, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey • Large parts of Egypt, Iraq, Libya

17. Austro-Hungarian Empire 1867–1918 • All of Austria, Hungary, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, • Parts of Romania, Poland, Germany, Italy, Ukraine

18. Post - WWI • Rise of Communist Russia • Bolshevik Revolution • Rise of German nationalism Either Death to Capitalism or Death by Capitalism

19. Post - WWI • The Great Depression • Munich Conference • Sudetenland • Appeasement Policy • Rising Soviet Union Neville Chamberlain ‘appeasing’ Hitler, 1938

20. WWII • European Theater of Operations • Pacific Theater of Operations

21. Post - WWII Bretton Woods Conference -1944 • Int’l Monetary Fund (IMF) • Financial stability • World Bank (WB) • Development ¤

22. Post - WWII United Nations- 1945 • Purpose • Structure • UN General Assembly • Secretary General • UN Security Council • 5 + 10 = 15 • Saudi says no • Issues • Security • Human Rights • Environment ¤

24. Post - WWII UN Charter • Self-determination • US/ SU push • Decolonization ¤ http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people2/Newsom/newsom-con3.html

25. US v. SU= Bipolar System Growing Power Superpower Pole Growing Power 2 Power Poles = Bipolar System Growing Power Superpower Pole Growing Power

26. Cold War Era • U.S. Containment • Korea, Vietnam • Cuban Missile Crisis -1962 • ‘Globalization’ begins • Nixon goes to China -1972 • Berlin Wall is torn down -1989 • Eastern Bloc follows • Fall of the Soviet Union -1991 • Back to multipolar system ¤

27. Soviet Empire 15 Countries

28. Post-CW Era • European Union - 1992 • Maastricht Treaty • Expansion • Adoption of euro-1999 • World Trade Organization (WTO)-1995 • WTO at 153:22 • Free trade • Disputes ¤