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Coaching the Entire Squash Shot Cycle

Coaching the Entire Squash Shot Cycle. USSRA Coaching Conference September 2000 Tim Bacon,Smith College Gail Ramsay, Princeton University. Ice-Breaker!.

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Coaching the Entire Squash Shot Cycle

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  1. Coaching the EntireSquash Shot Cycle USSRA Coaching Conference September 2000 Tim Bacon,Smith College Gail Ramsay, Princeton University

  2. Ice-Breaker! • Turn to the person next to you and briefly tell each other (less than 15 sec.): based on your past coaching experience what is the MOST important thing to teach to that C/B player (or young junior/or no. 7 player on your team ladder)

  3. Overview • Shot-cycle • Open skill process • Global Approach to Error Correction • 3 Coaching Principles • Example Coaching Topics

  4. The Shot Cycle • Watching-Ready-Position (Perception = anticipation + ball judgement) • Movement to the ball • Stroke • Recovery

  5. The Open Skill Process • Perception • Decision • Action • Feedback

  6. Global Approach to Error Correction • Appropriatediagnosis is critical for accurate training « prescription » • Technical Error? 4 possibilities…

  7. Examples of « Technical » Errors

  8. Global Approach to Error Correction

  9. Examples of Perceptual/Decision Errors • Pays attention to wrong cues • Focused on too small an area • Focused on too broad an area • misjudges path, speed, direction of ball • miscalculates time/place of arrival of ball • selects wrong movement to ball • selects wrong instance of correct movement

  10. The Psychological is Important too! • Attention=concentration • Nideffer ’s model of concentration • attentional errors • « choking »

  11. Four Types of Attentional Focus Broad WIDTH Narrow External Internal DIRECTION

  12. Attentional Problems Internaldistractions Attending to past events (e.g., what was?) Attending to future events (e.g., what if?) Choking under pressure Overanalysis of body mechanics Fatigue

  13. Choking An Attentional Problem

  14. Three Teaching Principles • Progression not correction • Respect learning styles - especially kinesthetic • Integration - bridge the gap between practice and match play

  15. Example « Shot-Cycle » Topics • Watching - Anticipation • Watching - ball judgement • Movement - split-step • Hitting: Decision-Making - drop or boast? • Hitting - kinesthetic approach to teaching the grip

  16. Anticipation in Racquet Sports • Abernethy: « A » players initiate movement before the ball is struck - « D » players do not! • Expert players rely on shoulder and racquet head cues - novices don ’t • Differences between world-class and national-level players

  17. Progression for Anticipation • Identify pre-impact cues • train the perception • train the decision • train skill 1 • train skill 2 • alternate skills • randomize skills • competitive-conditioned game • evaluate in match play

  18. Brainstorm Other Anticipation Examples • Groups of 3-4 coaches • 2 minutes to find other examples (hint: most common situations, easiest to teach, beginner-intermediate-advanced topics) • take up 1 example from several groups • turn in examples - we will distribute

  19. Teaching Ball Judgement • Train the perception: straight or cross • Train the decision: « fore » or « back » • Train skill 1: forehand • Train skill 2 • Alternate execution of skills • Randomize execution of skills • Competitive game • Evaluate in match play

  20. Brainstorm Other Ball Judgment Examples • Groups of 3-4 coaches • 2 minutes to find other examples (hint: most common situations, easiest to teach, beginner-intermediate-advanced topics) • take up 1 example from several groups • turn in examples - we will distribute

  21. Teaching the Basic Split-Step by Progression • Verify split-step • split to shadow stimulus • split to coach self-rally • split on coach feed - return to coach • split during rotating rails • split in game situation • evaluate in match play

  22. Decision-Making (Tactics) Progression • Choose a topic: select two skills where player must differentiate • “Sell” the decision • Train the perception • Train the decision • Train skill 1 • Train skill 2 • etc.

  23. Brainstorm Other Decision-Making Examples • Groups of 3-4 coaches • 2 minutes to find other examples (hint: most common situations, easiest to teach, beginner-intermediate-advanced topics) • take up 1 example from several groups • turn in examples - we will distribute

  24. Kinesthetic Grip Progression • Rally program from 6 ’: forehand, backhand, alternate, with and without a bounce, finish with short (easy) game • « top » & « side » cues to « feel » the grip • « méthodes de contraintes » - catch and send, contact behind, COLFing, etc.

  25. 3-min. Group Discussion • How have you successfully changed/taught « poor » learners grips? • What cues do you use? • What progressions do you use? • How can we get every U.S. junior to start with the correct grip?

  26. Summary • Shot-cycle • Open skill process • Global Approach to Error Correction • 3 Coaching Principles • Questions? Discussion? • www.science.smith.edu/exersci/tbacon/home.html

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