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B.A. III ef.kiqjh u`R ;

B.A. III ef.kiqjh u`R ;. By Dr. Jaswinder Kaur. mRifÙk

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B.A. III ef.kiqjh u`R ;

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  1. B.A. III ef.kiqjhu`R; By Dr. Jaswinder Kaur

  2. mRifÙk ;g 'kkL=kh; u`R; 'kSfy;ksa esa ls ,d fxuk tkrk gSA bZlk dh nwljh 'krkCnh esa u`R; dyk dk fodkl gqvkA [kks okbZ rEid bl dyk dk iqu:¼kj djus okyk izFke jktk FkkA 1714 esa jkekuUnh xksLokeh us lkjh ijEijk,a u"V dj nh vkSj urZdksa dks ;kruk,a nhA egkjkt HkkX;pUnz us iqu% thou iznku fd;kA johUnzukFk VSxksj th bls igkM+h {ks=k ls eSnkuksa esa mrkjkA 1920 esa mUgksaus 'kkfUr fudsru esa ef.kiqjh u`R; dh d{kk,a LFkkfir dhA

  3. :ijs[kk HkkX;Pknz /kfeZd Hkkouk ls vuqizkf.kr Fks blfy, bl u`R; esa Hkxoku d`".k vkSj jk/k dh ek/qjh&mikluk dh >yd feyrh gSA jkl yhyk ls ;g u`R; vksr izksr gSA izpfyr u`R; ef.kiqj {ks=k esa izpfyr ykbgjksc] ph[kajkSy] ds ds ds] Fkkoy pksach] [kikd bZ'kbZ rFkk ukxk u`R; ds vkafxd foU;kl Hkh ns[kus dks feyrs gSA

  4. ykbgjksc 1- meaykbgjksck % ;g xzkE; nso dks izlUu djus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;g pS=k ds eghus esa fd;k tkrk gSA 2- eksbZjkykbgjksck % oS'kk[k ekl dh laØkfUr dks uoo"kZ vkxeu ds igys fnu fd;k tkrk gSA 3- ef.kiqjh ds Hksn % izeq[k pkj Hksn gS % 1 egkjkl 2- olarjkl 3- dqatjkl 4- fur; jklA vusd yM+fd;ka d`".k ds lkFk jkl djrh gSA ftuesa ls ,d yM+dh jk/k curh gSA ;g u`R; laè;k dky ls izkjaHk gksdj izkr% dky rd pyrk gSA

  5. vax lapkyu bl dh xfr dksey vkSj eknZo iw.kZ vax lapyky gksrk gSA >wers gq, u`R; fd;k tkrk gSA fL=k;ka ykL; rFkk iq:"k rk.Mo djrs gSA Ekap jklyhyk u`R; fdlh /kfeZd LFky vkfn ij gksus gSA ,d fo'ks"k iaMky yxk;k tkrk gSA mls jkl dgrs gSA ;g xksykdkj gksrk gSA eè; esa urZd ukprs gSA pkjksa vksj n'kZdx.k cSBrsA

  6. dqiqr blds lkFk e`nax] eathjs o eqjyh vkfn ck| ctrs gSA olar jkl oalr Írq esa] dqatxl Jko.k vkSj vkf'ou esa] fuR; jkl oS'kk[k esa egkjkl 'kjn iwf.kZek ds fnu lEiUu fd;k tkrk gSA os'kHkw"kk ;g pedhyh o vkd"kZd gksrh gSa ukjh ik=k dk ygaxk fo'ks"k rus gq, ?ksj dk gksrk gSA flj ij ikj n'khZ pqujh gksrh gSA Åij vafx;k jgrh gSA vkHkw"k.kksa o Qwyksa dk J`axkj fd;k tkrk gSA

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