1 / 34

養殖石斑常見疾病及相關養殖管理

養殖石斑常見疾病及相關養殖管理. Infection and Fish Disease. Environment Factors 環境因子. Disease. Weak and Illness Fish 生物體;宿主. Pathogens 病原. Kinds of the Stressors. Stock and Starvation pH shake Temperature shake Other water quality factors change Exclude between individual.

Download Presentation

養殖石斑常見疾病及相關養殖管理

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 養殖石斑常見疾病及相關養殖管理

  2. Infection and Fish Disease Environment Factors 環境因子 Disease Weak and Illness Fish 生物體;宿主 Pathogens 病原

  3. Kinds of the Stressors Stock and Starvation pH shake Temperature shake Other water quality factors change Exclude between individual

  4. Kinds of the Pathogens Virus Fungi Rickettsia Parasites Bacteria Others V. carchariae

  5. Surface Mucus Gill Fins Oral Anus Route of the Infection

  6. 養殖石斑常見之病毒性感染 Virus • VVN (Viral nerous necrosis) 海水魚神經壞死病毒  主要危害各種海水魚類魚苗  多於夏季高水溫時引發大規模感染與死亡  罹病個體初期會失去平衡與游泳能力  隨後體色變深並伴隨在水面迴游  神經組織有廣泛性的壞死

  7. 養殖石斑常見之病毒性感染 Virus Nodavirus 海水魚結病毒  主要危害各種海水魚類  使魚苗在孵化後數週(8~40天)發生大量死亡  罹病個體游泳異常  腦部、脊髓與視網膜有空泡化現象 Iridovirus 虹彩病毒  宿主為無脊椎動物與非哺乳類脊椎動物  感染多數硬骨魚類,以LCDV-1及GFV-1為代表 體色變黑、食慾下降與運動失調(ataxia) 大量結節與局部壞死為主要罹病病徵

  8. 養殖石斑常見之細菌性感染 Vibriosis • Diseases caused by pathogenic Vibrio species. • Major pathogenic Vibrio species in marine fish. V. alginolyticus V. anguillarum V. carchariae V. harveyi V. ichthyoenteri V. salmonicida V. splendidus V. vulnificus

  9. 養殖石斑常見之細菌性感染 Diseases in grouper • Cloudy lens and exophthalmus was observed in grouper.

  10. 養殖石斑常見之細菌性感染 Diseases in grouperVibrio alginolyticus Vibrio alginolyticus swarmed on TSA (+2.5 % NaCl) agar. Vibrio alginolyticus grown on TCBS agar.

  11. 養殖石斑常見之細菌性感染 Gut associated diseases in grouper • Gastroenteritis: swollen intestine containing yellow fluid caused by V. carchariae in cultured grouper Epinephelus coioides in Taiwan (Yii, Yang & Lee, 1997)

  12. 養殖石斑常見之細菌性感染 Bacterial Isolation and Taxonomy • The bacterium has been isolated from the intestinal yellow fluid and head kidney of moribund fish by using tryptic soy agar (TSA, +2% NaCl) and/or thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS) plates. • Isolates have been identified as Vibrio carchariae by using standard morphological, and biochemical plate and tube tests, API 20E kits, and Biolog GN plates. Vibrio carchariae ATCC 35084 was used as reference strain to compare with.

  13. Gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio carchariae in various cultured marine fish in Taiwan: • Grouper Epinephelus coioides, in 1993 • Black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli, in 1995 • Yellowfin sea bream Acanthopagrus latus, in 1998 • Japanese sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus, in 1998 • Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, in 2000 • Vibrio carchariae : First isolated from a dead sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus at the National Aquarium in Baltimore, USA, in 1982

  14. Pale liver and swollen intestine with yellow fluid in moribund grouper experimentally infected with V. carchariae EmI82KL Moribund groupers exhibited swollen intestine with transparent yellow fluid i.p. injected with ECP of V. carchariae

  15. Pathogenicity of V. carchariae • LD50 values: colony forming unit (CFU)/g fish. • EmI82KL strain (from grouper), 2.53 x 107 CFU/g grouper. • Rd strain (from red drum), 5.9 x 106 CFU/g red drum. • Eight fish were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with bacterial suspension per dose. • Vibrio carchariae could be reisolated from kidney, liver, and the yellow fluid of swollen intestine of moribund fish after bacterial challenge.

  16. Protease Purification Step • Extracellular products (ECP) of V. carchariae • 90% Ammonium sulfate precipitation • Using various columns on the FPLC system: • Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) • Resource Q • Mono Q

  17. SDS-PAGE profile of ECP, fraction of each purification step (silver stain) and its zymogram using casein as the substrate (stained with CBB)

  18. 養殖石斑常見之寄生蟲感染 Parasites • 車輪蟲----鰓部寄生 • 舌杯蟲----鰓部寄生 • 鐘型蟲----鰓部寄生 • 黏液孢子蟲----鰓部寄生 舌杯蟲 車輪蟲 鐘型蟲 黏液孢子蟲

  19. 養殖石斑常見之寄生蟲感染 Parasites • 卵圓鞭毛蟲----鰓腔寄生

  20. 養殖石斑常見之寄生蟲感染 Parasites • 魚虱----體表寄生 • 錨蟲----體表寄生 • 白點蟲----體表寄生 • 貝尼登吸蟲----體表寄生 魚虱 白點蟲

  21. 養殖石斑常見之黴菌感染 Fungi • 水黴菌----體表寄生

  22. 石斑感染體表寄生蟲之相關處理 • 海水魚虱 寄生對象從幼魚至成魚 全年可見 多隨投餵幼魚的餌料進入養殖環境 造成開放性傷口,並引發二次感染 馬速展0.2~0.3 ppm或地特松0.3~0.5 ppm進行藥浴 • 白點蟲 主要發生於水溫不穩定或持續低於20oC時 寄生於體表、各鰭與鰓腔 引發迅速且大量的死亡 福馬林20~30 ppm藥浴處理,7~10天後再處理一次 • 卵圓鞭毛蟲 主要發生於季節更迭、水溫不穩定與水質過肥時 主要寄生於鰓腔 引發迅速且大量的死亡 硫酸銅藥浴處理

  23. 石斑感染體表寄生蟲之相關處理 • 水蛭 多發生於大雨後鹽度遽降至15 ppt以下 寄生於體表並吸取魚體血液 造成開放性傷口,並引發二次感染 提昇鹽度至25~30 ppt,或使用地特松0.5~1.0 ppm進行藥浴 • 車輪蟲 多發生水質過肥或魚體虛弱時 體表鱗片脫落且黏液增生 造成開放性傷口,易引發二次感染 福馬林25 ppm藥浴24小時,或有機磷0.5 ppm藥浴18小時 • 三代蟲 嚴重的體表出 血潰瘍 造成開放性傷口,易引發二次感染 使用25 ppm福馬林或0.5~1 ppm Mebendazole去除

  24. 適時 適藥 適量 水產用藥的應用概念 安全用藥

  25. 水產用藥的應用概念 抗寄生蟲化學葯物 福馬林(Formalin) 硫酸銅(Copper sulfate ) 有機磷劑(Organo-phosphours compound) Chloramine T Leteux-Meyer 混合物 其他藥物 1. Ivermectin 2. Levamisole 3. Teflubenzuron

  26. 水產用藥的應用概念 殺菌或抗菌葯物 Benzalkonium chloride(BKC) 碘化合物(Iodine compounds) 高錳酸鉀(Potassium permanganate) 漂白水(粉) 吷喃劑(Nitrofurans) 磺胺類(Sulphonamides) 歐索林酸(Oxolinic acid) 四環黴素類(Tetracycline) 氯黴素(Chloramphenicol)

  27. 水產用藥的應用概念 抗真菌與黴菌葯物 孔雀綠(Malachite green) 甲烯藍(Methylene blue) 其他 1. 硫酸銅 (Copper sulfate) 2. 福馬林 (Formalin)

  28. 石斑魚養殖之現場管理 藥劑之停藥期 磺胺--甲基嘧啶停藥期 30 天以上 鹽酸四環素停藥期 30 天以上 氯黴素停藥期 30 天以上 四環素停藥期 30 天以上 三氯松停藥期 5 天以上 歐索磷酸停藥期 20 天以上

  29. 石斑魚養殖之現場管理 水質環境管理 節約用水;進流水管制與循環水再利用 水質監測:水溫、pH、溶氧、透明度與鹽度 善用水車;避免水色過濃與提高溶氧 監測水色;避免不良藻類滋生 善用魚池之自淨能力

  30. 養殖池中石斑與其他生物之關係 石斑

  31. 石斑魚養殖之現場管理 投餵管理 投餵前先巡視養殖池 參考當天氣候與水溫決定投餵量 避免過量投餵 嚴防殘餌沉底

  32. 石斑魚養殖之現場管理 放養密度管理 分段養殖 間捕出售 避免個體體型差異過大 篩選健康並不帶病原個體

  33. 石斑魚養殖之現場管理 放養環境管理 排除池底污泥防止老化 定期換池或清池 確實整理與消毒 休養期的觀念建立

  34. 石斑魚養殖之現場管理 疾病防治管理 預防勝於治療 即時診斷與展開防疫處理 對藥物充分了解 遵照指示正確選擇用藥 不使用禁藥 停藥期之觀念建立

More Related