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Tobacco Control Advocacy and Policy Strategies: Identifying the Problem and Implementing Change

This video recap discusses the problem of tobacco use and its consequences, including its impact on public health and disparities across different groups. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive tobacco control policies and creating smoke-free environments.

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Tobacco Control Advocacy and Policy Strategies: Identifying the Problem and Implementing Change

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  1. Advocacy Recap Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016 https://youtu.be/aTbtKRdYbYo

  2. Advocacy Recap Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016 https://youtu.be/bFlyt8uKy8k

  3. Advocacy Recap Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016 https://youtu.be/Ccr8WLFNkjw

  4. Advocacy Policy Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016 https://youtu.be/atbZYs215Uw

  5. Chapter 6 Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016 Public Policy and Tobacco

  6. Identifying the Problem:Tobacco Use and Consequences • Cigarette 1900s E-cigarette Now • Utilized production, advertising, design, and social behavior to influence social norms and create a culture around tobacco use • Death and disease patterns have emerged as a result of the cultural influence – Deeply engrained, but this is slowly changing • Public health prevention strategies used by tobacco control advocates have been integral to the changing social norms spurring the decline of tobacco use Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  7. Figure 1.1 Adult per capita cigarette consumption and major historical and policy events Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  8. Identifying the Problem:Tobacco Use and Consequences • Epidemiology • Tobacco use has long been a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide • Currently accounts for an estimated 9% of deaths across the globe • United States, smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death and disease. • Linked with several types of cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, asthma, and stroke • Nonsmokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke suffer from tobacco-related illnesses as well • Since the United States Surgeon General began reporting on smoking more than 50 years ago, almost 2.5 million nonsmokers have died from smoking- related diseases Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  9. Identifying the Problem:Tobacco Use and Consequences • Epidemiology • 1965, 42% of Americans smoked cigarettes • Tobacco prevention and cessation efforts established and various policies implemented and the population better understands risks • 2013 smoking prevalence rates: • 18% of adults • <13% of youth Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  10. Identifying the Problem:Tobacco Use and Consequences • Epidemiology • Rate of decline recently slowed recently: above Healthy People 2020 goals • Emerging growth of non-cigarette tobacco product use introduces health risks • More than one in five adults and high school students report using tobacco (non-cigarette tobacco products either alone or in addition to cigarettes) • The most commonly used non-cigarette tobacco products are smokeless products (e.g., snuff), little or regular cigars, pipes, hookah (water pipes), and electronic cigarettes Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  11. Identifying the Problem:Tobacco Use and Consequences • Disparities • Differences in tobacco use across: • Gender • Race and ethnicity • Educational status • Poverty status • Sexual orientation • Groups that use tobacco at disproportionately high rates, less likely to quit successfully & experience poorer health outcomes • Military workers (e.g., active service members and civilian employ- ees) • Construction workers • Individuals with a history of mental health problems • Homeless • Incarcerated individuals Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  12. Identifying the Problem:Tobacco Use and Consequences • Disparities • Differences across geographic location • United States smoking rates were lower than those in many countries like Norway, Egypt, China, and Chile • Higher rates than Mexico, Australia, Kenya, and India • Within the United States • Fewer than one in ten Utah residents smoke • More than one in four people in Kentucky, Arkansas, and West Virginia smoke • What else do you think contributes to health-related tobacco disparities? Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  13. Why continued disparities? • Excessive exposure to tobacco product promotion • Tobacco industry targeting • Lack of comprehensive policies Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  14. Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control • A variety of tobacco control policies implemented at the international, federal, state, and local levels • Creating Smoke-Free Environments • Smoke-free laws protect employees and the public developing chronic disease due to secondhand smoke (cancer, heart disease, and respiratory diseases) • Encourage people to quit • Prevent smoking initiation • Change social norms around tobacco use and exposure • Smoke-free policies can be designed to impact public areas, private areas, or both. Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  15. Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control • Creating Smoke-Free Environments • Policy has expanded to include: • Public access: Restaurant patios, parks, playgrounds, and beaches • Private settings such as multiunit housing and cars • Smoke-free laws can be adopted voluntarily or via policy • Policy preferred because it mandates rules and closes the gaps in secondhand smoke protection Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  16. Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control • Raising the Price of Tobacco Products through Tax Increases • Increasing price = less affordable = reducing use = Change social norms • Prevent youth initiation • Decrease tobacco-related healthcare costs • Reduce tobacco related health disparities • Additional benefit = make revenue for governments • Children’s Health Insurance Program in 2009 • Largest increase in federal taxes • Resulted in federal tax of $1.01 per cigarette pack • In 2014, the total per pack tax ranged from $4.35 in New York to only $0.17 in Missouri Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  17. Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  18. Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  19. Public Policy Strategies in Tobacco Control Restrictions on Marketing, Packaging, and Youth Access • Tobacco advertising has been banned on television, radio, billboards, and public transportation • Industry focuses on point-of-sale • Exposure at this level = higher odds of initiation and regular daily smoking among youth, unplanned & relapse • Tobacco Control Act gave legal authority to states & communities to pursue intervention at the retail level • Read p.o.s. strategies p. 124 # 1-4 • New York City, New York, Providence, Rhode Island, and Santa Clara County, California • ban on sales of cigars, hookah, cigarillos, pipe and chewing tobacco, and e-cigarettes flavored with tastes that might appeal to youth (e.g., apple, grape, or mint) in establishments where youth could be present Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  20. Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  21. Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  22. Tobacco Control Support & Opposition Policy Rationale • Financial burden on government and public • Protection of high-risk populations • Ensure clear and accurate information regarding tobacco products • Consequences of secondhand smoke and other chemicals for nonusers Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  23. Testimonies used in new e-cigarette regulations Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  24. Tobacco Control Support & Opposition Political Support • Local and state tobacco control programs do not have the flexibility or authority to influence tobacco control policies • Coalitions are most important for comprehensive tobacco control policy • Due to success in organizing and encouraging policy action through legislation and voter initiatives Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  25. Tobacco Control Support & Opposition Political Support • National-level voluntary organizations are also integral to advancement of policy • American Heart Association • American Cancer Society • American Lung Association • Advocacy organizations • Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights • Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids • Counter Tobacco) • Legal partners • Tobacco Control Legal Consortium Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  26. Tobacco Control Support & Opposition Political Opposition • Tobacco industry • Utilizes financial resources • Lobbyists • Recruits policymakers via campaign funding in exchange for votes against TCC policies • At the local level • Recruit third parties or front groups • Convenience store associations • hospitality industry groups • groups that oppose government regulation • “astroturf ” groups—grassroots organizations that are funded, organized, and sometimes run by the tobacco industry Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  27. CASE STUDY • Pp 131 in your text • First U.S. tobacco-free pharmacy policy • Reduces tobacco-related disparities at the local level • Sets the stage for state and national tobacco-free pharmacy efforts • Break into groups of 5 • Review the case study • Summarize your section on the flip chart (3-4 important take homes) • Come back together as a class to share and discuss Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  28. Tobacco-Free Pharmacies Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016 https://youtu.be/R8-Fso5gieo

  29. Health Communications & Tobacco • CDC Smoking and Tobacco Use Video Methods to Spread Awareness Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

  30. Reference Eyler, A.A., Chriqui, J.F., Moreland-Russell, S.M., & Brownson, R.C. (Eds.). (2016) Prevention, policy, and public health (1st ed.) New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Eyler, Chriqui, Moreland-Russell & Brownson, 2016

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