Liquid gas phase transitions - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The free energy surface
The free energy surface. dG 1 = V 1 dp 1 – S 1 dT 1. dG 2 = V 2 dp 2 – S 2 dT 2. CHEM 471: Physical Chemistry. Chapter 4: the exact Clapeyron equation. Δ f G = G 1 – G 2 (blue surface) d Δ f G = Δ f Vdp – Δ f SdT.
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Phase Transitions: Liquid-Liquid Unmixing– Equilibrium Phase Diagram
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The nuclear liquid gas phase transition
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Liquid-Liquid Phase Transitions and Water-Like Anomalies in Liquids
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Experiments on Liquid – Gas Phase Transition. Huanlong Liu. Liquid – Gas Phase Transition. O(1) Universality Class – 3d Ising. Lattice – gas interpretation: Transformation:. intermolecular potential. is the number of nearest neighbors. Critical component.
Phase Transitions
Phase Transitions. Physics 313 Professor Lee Carkner Lecture 22. Exercise #21 Joule-Thomson. Joule-Thomson coefficient for ideal gas m = 1/c P [T( v/T) P -v] ( v/T) P = R/P m = 1/c P [(TR/P)-v] = 1/c P [v-v] = 0 Can J-T cool an ideal gas T does not change
Phase transitions
Phase transitions. Qualitative discussion: the 1-component system water. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. Heat Reservoir R. T=const. Consider a system of liquid & vapor phases in equilibrium at given P and T. P=const. vapor phase contains N 2 particles. constant # of particles. N=N 1 +N 2.
Phase Transitions
Phase Transitions. The above picture shows a block of solid Ar melting and subliming after exposur to aire at roughly room temperature. . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition . Phase Diagram of H 2 O. http://people.virginia.edu/~lz2n/mse209/Chapter9-p1.pdf.
Phase Transitions
melting point. boiling point. 100 o C. 0 o C. Phase Transitions. H = C ice x T x mass. C ice =2.087 J/g o C. H fusion = 6.02 kJ/mol x mass. H = C water x T x mass. C water =4.184 J/g o C. H vap = 40.7 kJ/mol x mass. T. H = C steam x T x mass. C steam =1.996 J/g o C.
PHASE TRANSITIONS
Summary of the three States of Matter ALSO CALLED PHASES, HAPPENS BY CHANGING THE TEMPERATURE AND/OR PRESSURE OF A SUBSTANCE. GAS : total disorder; mostly empty space; particles have complete freedom of motion (vibrational, rotational, & translational); particles are very far apart.
Phase transitions
Phase transitions. Qualitative discussion: the 1-component system water. specific volume. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation. Heat Reservoir R. T=const. Consider a system of liquid & vapor phases in equilibrium at given P and T. P=const. vapor phase contains N 2 particles.