Acute Inflammation
In this simplified scheme, which should be read from left to right, are shown the effects of injury to tissues (Figure 1, top left) and to blood vessels (Figure 1, bottom left). The small black rods represent bacterial infection, a very common cause of inflammation and of course a frequent accompaniment of injury. Note the central role of permeability of the vascular endothelium in allowing access of blood cells and serum components to the tissues, which also accounts for the main symptoms of inflammation u2013 redness, warmth, swelling and pain. It can be seen that the u2018adaptiveu2019 (or u2018immunologicalu2019) functions of antibody and lymphocytes largely operate to amplify or focus preexisting u2018innateu2019 mechanisms; quantitatively, however, they are so important that they frequently make the difference between life and death. Note the central importance of the tissue mast cells and macrophages, and the blood-derived PMNs. Inflammation is usually localized to the area of injury or infection. Occasionally, e.g. in sepsis, uncontrolled inflammation becomes systemic, and causes severe illness, organ failure and ultimately death. Sepsis remains a serious risk after major surgery. If for any reason inflammation does not die down within a matter of days, it may become chronic, and here the macrophage and the T lymphocyte have dominant roles. https://www.creative-diagnostics.com/acute-inflammation.htm
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