Plants??

1. Plants?? • What are Plants? Plants are multi-cellular living organisms that are able to use sun light & water to make their own food.

2. What are The Main Plant Parts? • Main Plant parts include: • Roots. • stems. • Leaves. • Flowers.

3. Classifying Plants • How are Plants Classified? • One way that plants can be classified is by how they carry water. Plants can either be Vascularor Nonvascular.

4. What is Vascular Tissue?? • Vascular tissue: It is the tissue which supports the plant & carries food & water. • Note: the word “ Vascular” is a Latin word meaning Vessel.

5. Vascular and Nonvascular Plants

6. Nonvascular Plants • Do not have a vascular tissue (xylem and phloem). • Don’t have true roots, but are anchored into the soil by small “root-like structures”. • No true Stems ( parts looking like stems). • No Leaves but have small Leaf like structures .

7. Non- Vascular Plants • Why they don’t have true leaves? • They have no “ Veins” to transport & carry material throughout the plant. • So, How Do they grow?? They absorbwater & nutrients directly from their surroundings. • How?? Water in the plants carry food & nutrients directly from cell to cell.

8. Why don’t Non-Vascular Plants grow tall?? • Because Non-Vascular plants lacktransport tubes that carry water & nutrients , so they must be close to a surface in order to absorb these materials directly from their surroundings. • Their small size allow them to absorb enough water to carry materials throughout the plant.

9. Mosses are Nonvascular Plants • Mosses are non- vascular plants. • They do not grow very large. • They do not have true roots, stems, and leaves. • Mosses are actually made of many tiny, dark green plants. • If no enough water, they dry and turn brown.(if it rains?)

10. Vascular Plants • Have a vascular system (xylem and phloem) that moves water through the plant quickly and effectively. • Because of this system, these plants can grow very large. • These plants have roots , stems and leaves.( all containing vascular tissue)

11. Vascular Plants: • Have roots : • Anchor the plant in the soil. • Allow it to absorb water & nutrients from the soil. • Have leaves: in which food is made by Photosynthesis. • Have stems: - Allow them to transport food & nutrients to the roots & leaves of the plant through tubes found in stems.

12. Vascular Tissue: • Xylem: • carries water & nutrients from roots to every part of the plant. • Phloem: • Carries food from leaves to the rest of the plant.

13. Ferns are Vascular Plants • Ferns were one of the first plants on earth with a vascular system. • The roots of vascular plants, like ferns can branch out more because of the vascular system.

14. Vascular Plants Examples: • Tiny duckweed ( fraction of an inch long). • Giant redwood trees. • Cacti ( grow in deserts, which have little water) • Orchids ( grow in damp rain forest)

15. No yes yes No yes No yes yes fern moss

16. Plant Roots • Functions of the root: • Anchor the plant to the ground & are adapted to the plant needs & the environment. • Absorb water and nutrients from the soil & pass them to the leaves • Some act as food storage structures. • Xylem in roots: Take water and nutrients from root hairs and move them to the stem.

17. Root Types: 2) Fibrous root: • Thin & branching. • Forms a mat below the surface of the ground. • They spread & absorb water from a large area, taking in as much as possible. • Tap Root: • One large, strong root that pushes deep into the soil. ( anchors the plant firmly). • Some of them storefood ( used when plants make flowers & fruits). • Some of them are used as food( Carrots & beets)

18. 2) Fibrous Root • Hold the plant in the soil. • Keep the soil from washing away. • Example: Grasses Are often used to hold the soil because they have many fibrous roots.

20. 3) Prop Roots: • Roots that grow above the ground. • Help hold the plant upright. • Examples: Mangrove tree & Corn.

21. Stems: • Pipelines for transporting water & nutrients between roots & leaves. • Provide Support ( help the plant to stay upwards) • Vascular tissues in stems & also in some large roots are gathered into bundles • Bundles are either scattered through the plant or arranged in a ring.( in tress of flowering plants)

22. Stems Provide Support?? • Stems grow from the ground & hold the leaves up to the sun light. • Stems found in trees & other tall plants have woodycells in their stems ( making the stem stronger) • Note: in plants without woody cells , water pressure holds the stem upright.

23. Stems • Droopy Stem: • It’s a clue that a plant might need water. • Some plants as Cacti store water & food in fleshy stems. • New plants can grow from some stems Example: Strawberry plants have stems called runners, which grow sideways( new plants grow from runners).

24. Leaves • Make food by the process of Photosynthesis. • Manufacturing food: uses: - Light energy. - Carbon dioxide. - Water To make: Sugars. • Note: • Photo = light. • Synthesis = to put together ( to make food ).

25. Photosynthesis: • The process in which plants make food by using water from the soil, CO2 from the air & energy from sun light. • Water: xylem cells bring it from the soil • Light energy: absorbed by a green pigment contained in chloroplasts where photosynthesis take place. • CO2 : leaves get them from the air.

26. Photosynthesis: • Products include: • Food: Sugars ( glucose) carried by phloem cells in the veins to all plant parts. • Oxygen: a waste product go into the air.

27. Epidermis: • Outer layer of cells in a leaf. • It protects the leaf from damage. • Some plants have waxy coating on the epidermis( help keep moisture inside the leaf). • Some water escape through Stomata: • Tiny holes on the underside of a leaf. • They open & close to let CO2 in & O2 out. • They close when water is in short supply.

28. The End 