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認識運動 傷害 Understanding sports injuries

認識運動 傷害 Understanding sports injuries. 國立成功 大學 教務處 體育 室. 運動傷害的 定義 D efinition. 運動過程中身體組織遭到破壞 Body tissues are damaged during exercising. 累積多次微小傷害日後產生症狀或功能障礙 S everal cumulative minor injuries lead to future symptoms or dysfunctions. 運動傷害的 分類 Classifications. 依受傷或症狀出現的病史來區分時

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認識運動 傷害 Understanding sports injuries

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  1. 認識運動傷害Understanding sports injuries 國立成功大學教務處體育室

  2. 運動傷害的定義 Definition • 運動過程中身體組織遭到破壞 • Body tissues are damaged during exercising. • 累積多次微小傷害日後產生症狀或功能障礙 • Several cumulative minor injuries lead to future symptoms or dysfunctions.

  3. 運動傷害的分類 Classifications 依受傷或症狀出現的病史來區分時 Distinguished by injury histories • 急性運動傷害Acute sports injuries: 一次內發性或外來暴力所造成的組織破壞而言 • Tissues-damage by onset or external violence • 慢性運動傷害Chronic sports injuries: 也稱為「過勞性運動傷害」或「過度使用性傷害」,是指累積多次微小傷害而造成過度使用傷害 • Also called “overused sports injuries” or “ overused injuries.” • Caused by accumulations of several minor injuries.

  4. 各運動項目傷害原因的發生率 Incidence • 技術不熟練 • 注意力不集中 • 準備活動不足 • 不適當的器材場地 • … 1.Unskilled (16.36%) 2.Inattention (14.13%) 3.Inadequate preparation (13.32%) 4.Improper equipment and court (11.34%)

  5. 運動傷害的處理 Treatment 傷害發生 occurance 出血bleeding/止血hemorrhage • 運動傷害過程概述 • Process summary 階段phase1: 發炎 inflammation 主要發炎反應 main inflammation 次要發炎反應 minor inflammation 出血 bleeding 疼痛/肌肉痙孿 pain/ muscle spasms 紅、腫、 發熱 swelling and fever 失能(關節活動/肌力)dysfunction 次急性反應 /慢性發炎 Minor acute symptom/ Chronic inflammation 階段3:傷口癒合 Phase 3: wound healing 階段2:結痂/傷處收縮 Phase 2: scab/wound contrcction

  6. 運動傷害的處理 Treatment 組織發生傷害後的主要介入(處理)手段 Main treatment 階段1:控制出血、腫脹;肌肉痙孿及疼痛的減輕緩和 Phase 1: control bleeding and swelling; moderate muscle spasms and pain 階段2:促進組織修復的反應機制、避免傷處的收縮與組織沾黏 Phase 2: promote response mechanism of tissue repair; avoid wound contraction and tissue adhesions. 階段3:增進癒合處的結構及功能 Phase 3: promote the structure and functions of syphilis

  7. 階段1:急性期的處理Phase 1: treatment of acute phase 1.冰敷Ice(冷的生理作用coldness function)(1) 使局部血管收縮,減少腫脹Local vasoconstriction; reduce swelling(2) 消炎 Diminish inflammation(3) 局部麻醉、止痛 Local anesthesiaand analgesic(4)放鬆肌肉 muscle relax 2.藥物治療drug treatment

  8. 階段2:促進組織癒合Phase 2: promote tissue healing • 物理治療:熱療、冷療、電刺激。 • Physical therapy: Hyperthermia, cold therapy and electrical stimulation. • 以不負重為原則,活動關節或做輕度伸展(以足踝為例)。 • Joint exercise/ mild stretch

  9. 階段3:增進癒合處的結構及功能phase 3: promote the structure and functions of Syphilis • 物理治療:熱療、冷療、電刺激。 • Physical therapy: Hyperthermia, cold therapy and electrical stimulation. • 復健運動:伸展運動、阻力運動、游泳。 • Rehabilitation exercise: stretch, resistance exercise and swimming. • 運動注意要項:以低衝擊性的運動為佳。 • Note: Low impact exercise is better.

  10. 復健原則Rehabilitation principles • 受傷處輕度活動,以增加活動範圍(ROM,Range of Motion) • Mild exercise in injury parts to increase range of motion (ROM). • 維持心肺適能及健康部位的肌力與ROM • Maintain Cardiorespiratory fitness as well as the strength and ROM of healthy parts. • 運動強度:低強度→高強度 • Intensity: low → high

  11. 常見的運動傷害種類Common sports injuries species

  12. 常見運動傷害的處理treatments toward common injuries

  13. 姆指關節脫臼X光片圖例:患者打排球時高手傳球技術不當所引起,醫師於患處局部麻醉後,藉外力牽引使關節恢復原位姆指關節脫臼X光片圖例:患者打排球時高手傳球技術不當所引起,醫師於患處局部麻醉後,藉外力牽引使關節恢復原位

  14. Note • 如何處理較輕微(slight)的運動傷害:(衛保組,雲平大樓東棟2F)(1)外傷確實消毒:trauma disinfection(2)PRICE(48-72小時)(3)不要在剛受傷時的患部加熱。 No heating on just injuries. • 若遇到重大傷害,如:昏迷、骨折、嚴重穿刺…較具身命危險的情況,請盡速就醫(成大醫院) • Significant injuries ex. coma, fracture or severe puncture…→seek medical advice • 國立成功大學學生緊急傷病就醫處理流程

  15. 如何避免運動傷害?How to prevent sports injuries? • Warm-up & Cool down • 伸展 stretch • 良好的運動配備及場地 good sports equipment and court • 足夠的體能訓練 enough physical training

  16. 復健計劃實例:足踝扭傷case: ankle sprain

  17. 足踝扭傷處理實例 Real case of ankle sprain

  18. 正常足踝活動度之自我檢測 Self-examinations of normal ankle activity

  19. 加強踝關節控制之運動 Exercise to Strengthen ankle joint 8-shaped running path about 10-20 meters for run training.

  20. Note • 什麼時候可以開始復健? • When to start rehabilitation? 1. 依患者的傷勢、部位、年齡而有不同。 • According to injuries parts and age. • 依傷勢恢復之進程決定是否進入下一階段之療程或復健:復健過程無法明確定出時間表。 • According to recovery process. No accurate schedule. 3. 相關資訊網址 references http://www.epsport.idv.tw/(運動科學資訊網) http://www.tats.org.tw/(台灣運動傷害防護學會)

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