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Analysis of the Devonian Shale in Kentucky for CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Gas Production

This study examines the feasibility of utilizing the Devonian shale in Kentucky for CO2 sequestration and enhanced natural gas production. The research explores the sorption capacity of the shale, its potential as a storage volume, and its similarities to coal bed methane. The analysis includes information on the distribution and characteristics of the shale, as well as its potential for carbon dioxide sequestration. The study also presents data on gas production from the shale and proposes future research for monitoring and simulation.

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Analysis of the Devonian Shale in Kentucky for CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Gas Production

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  1. Analysis of the Devonian Shale in Kentucky for Potential CO2 Sequestration and Enhanced Natural Gas Production U.S. DOE/NETL DE-FC26-02NT41442 Brandon C. Nuttall, James A. Drahovzal, Cortland F. Eble, R. Marc Bustin

  2. Basic Research: Feasibility • CO2 sorption capacity • CH4 displacement potential

  3. Why Black Shales? • Distribution and potential storage volume • Known producer • Gas adsorbed on kerogen and clay • Analogous to CBM?

  4. Antrim Bakken Chattanooga Exshaw New Albany Ohio Black Shale Distribution Modified from Ettensohn, 1998, Compressional Tectonic Controls... in Schieber and others, eds., Shales and Mudstones I

  5. Ohio New Albany Chattanooga Shale Nomenclature Hamilton-Smith, 1993, Gas Exploration in the Devonian Shales of Kentucky: KGS, Ser 10, Bul. 4.

  6. Surface Coal measures, mixed sand, shale, and coal. 1,000’ Pennsylvanian 2,000’ “Salt” sands Sand and shale 3,000’ Mississippian Carbonate Sand and shale 4,000’ Carbonaceous black shale Devonian Geologic Column 3,800’ +/- of mixed sand, shale, and carbonate provide adequate reservoir seal. Composite thickness data from Knott and Leslie County wells and Dillman and Ettensohn (1980)

  7. Devonian Shale Type Log, Eastern Kentucky Upper part Lower Huron is thought to have the most sequestration potential. Lower part

  8. Devonian Shale in Kentucky Estimated gas in place: 63 to 112 tcf Present in subsurface >=1000’ deep and >=100’ thick Producing area

  9. Big Sandy Reservoir Info • Completion interval >500’ • Average porosity 4.3% • Max. porosity 11% • Temperature 84oF • Average pressure 400 psi • Permeability <0.1 md Atlas of Major Appalachian Gas Plays, 1996

  10. Classic Production Decline Cum: 471 MMcf 26 years Eastern Kentucky Devonian Shale Gas Production 39494

  11. Production Incline Suggests Adsorbed Gas Cum: 379 MMcf 40 years Eastern Kentucky Devonian Shale Gas Production 40625

  12. Project Year 1 • KGS Well Sample Library • Identified drill cuttings • Petrology • Sorption isotherms • Identified optimum shale facies

  13. Sampling Criteria • Minimize sample alterations • Recent wells • Unwashed samples • Geophysical logs available • Distributed over shale gas producing area

  14. Sample locations

  15. Average Organic Content

  16. Average TOC

  17. 0.5 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75 Mean Random Reflectance Upper oil window and wet gas/condensates R0 random x 1.066 ~ R0 max

  18. Adsorbed Gas

  19. Adsorption Isotherms Ohio Shale (Undif) Upper Ohio Lower Huron Lower Ohio CO2 adsorbed (SCF/ton)

  20. Calculated Langmuir Volumes CO2 adsorbed (SCF/ton)

  21. Project Year 2 • Cooperative access to new well • Sidewall core • ECS logging suite • Petrology • CO2 sorption/CH4 displacement

  22. CNR 24752 Elk Horn

  23. Sidewall Cores for CH4 Displacement Borden Sunbury Berea 1 Cleveland 2 Three Lick 1 Upper Huron 1 Middle Huron 4 Lower Huron 1 Olentangy

  24. ECS Log * Lower Huron *Sidewall core sample locations in the Lower Huron * * Si Ca Fe S Ti Gd *

  25. Work Plan: Year 3 • Reporting and technology transfer • Finish long-term sorption analyses • Implement Web data interface • Final report

  26. Critical Point Melting Line Liquid Solid Saturation Line Gas Typical Reservoir Conditionsfor CO2 Injection

  27. Tons/sq km >3 MM <1 MM 27.6 Billion Tons CO2 Estimated 40 scf/ton thickness weighted average

  28. Future Research • Demonstration project • CO2 monitoring • Surface soils • Produced gas • Reservoir simulation

  29. Conclusion The organic-rich Mississippian–Devonian shales of Kentucky have the potential to sequester large volumes of CO2. www.uky.edu/kgs

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