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Trace Contaminants. Organic Contamination ---Chlorinated Anthropogenic Compounds ex : Pesticides & herbicides Inorganic Contamination ---Metals, fluorides & selenium etc. Public Health Concern & Expensive Analytical Techniques. SDWA EPA MCLs. U.S. EPA (DWS).
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Trace Contaminants • Organic Contamination ---Chlorinated Anthropogenic Compounds ex : Pesticides & herbicides • Inorganic Contamination ---Metals, fluorides & selenium etc.
Public Health Concern & Expensive Analytical Techniques • SDWA • EPA • MCLs
U.S. EPA (DWS) Contaminant MCL (mg/l) • copper 1.0 • lead TT • nickel 0.1 • zinc 5 • silver 0.1 • mercury 0.1 • cadmium 0.005 • selenium 0.05 • thallium 0.0005 • aluminum 0.05-0.2 • Antimony 0.006
几种重金属元素迁移富集与污染 • Natural Erosion • Mining Production • Manufacturing or Metal-finishing Operations
Transformation, Concentration & Contamination • How to recognize Periodic Table of the Elements
Several Heavy Elements • Originated from ? • Escaped from ? • Local Disease • Acute Disease
General Principals • Al & Si (As, Sb) • Transit Elements • Tl, Pb, U
Toxication • Enzyme • 甲基化产物 CH4 CH3+ CH3Hg+ CH3CoB12 +Hg2+ +H2O H2OCoB12 + CH3Hg+
References • Chemistry for Environmental Engineering, Clair N. Sawyer etc. • Pollution Prevention: Fundamentals & Practice, Paul L. Bishop • 环境化学, 戴树桂等 • 环境分析, 阎吉昌等