1 / 22

Sensory Processes: From Detection to Perception

Learn about sensory processes, including sensation, absolute threshold, signal detection theory, sensory adaptation, transduction, energy senses, vision, color vision, hearing, deafness, touch, pain, taste, and smell. Explore how our senses work together to create the world we perceive.

scarlett-mcmillan
Download Presentation

Sensory Processes: From Detection to Perception

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. SENSATION Process of taking in stimuli from the environment

  2. ABSOLUTE THRESHOLD: Smallest amount of stimulus that can detected at least half the time Vision:1 candle flame,30 miles away on a dark night Hearing: tick of watch at 20 feet Taste:1 teaspoon of sugar in 2 gallons of water Smell:1 drop of perfume in a 3-room apartment Touch: wing of bee, on your cheek from 1 cm.

  3. WOULD YOU NOTICE ONE CANDLE 30 MILES AWAY ON A DARK NIGHT? http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einzelne_Kerze.JPG Signal Detection Theory: No absolute thresholds, because it is affected by other factors like attention, expectations, motivations, emotions

  4. DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD: Smallest difference between 2 stimuli that a person can detect at least 50% of the time Just-noticeable difference (jnd) Weber’s Law: the difference threshold increases in proportion to the original stimuli Vision: 8% 8 more candles to 100 candles to notice that it’s brighter

  5. SENSORY ADAPTATION: Decreasing sensitivity to unchanging stimuli -can focus attention on what’s important -lose delicious smell at the coffee shop after a while http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HK_Central_Mid-Level_Caine_Road_Starbucks_Coffee_Shop.JPG

  6. TRANSDUCTION: Converting environmental stimuli into neural impulses -senses gather energy/chemicals from environment -must be converted into electrochemical energy so that neurons can carry the information to the brain to be processed

  7. ENERGY SENSES: • Vision-light waves • Hearing-sound waves • Touch-pressure, temperature, pain

  8. VISION: -light waves Most important sense for humans-rely on it the most http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cranach,_Lucas_d.J._-_Lucretia_-_Detail_face.JPG • Visual capture: tendency for vision to dominate other senses

  9. PROCESS OF VISION: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anatomy_and_physiology_of_animals_How_light_travels_from_the_object_to_the_retina_of_the_eye.jpg

  10. THE EYE: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/Retinal_anatomy.jpg

  11. RETINA: • Photoreceptors: cells sensitive to light • 3 Layers in retina: 1.-Rods: black/white/nighttime vision-in peripheral vision -Cones: color vision, best acuity, concentrated in fovea (center of retina) 2. Bipolar cells: activate 3rd layer 3. Ganglion cells: connect to optic nerve =Transduction (light to neural impulse)

  12. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constudeyepath.gif

  13. COLOR VISION: • ROY G BIV- VISIBLE SPECTRUM -determined by light’s wavelength Theories: 1.Trichromatic theory: 3 types of photoreceptors: red, green, blue 2. Opponent-process theory: colors come in opposite pairs (afterimages, colorblindness) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spectrummasthead.jpg

  14. HEARING (Audition): -sound waves Pitch=frequency of waves Loudness=amplitude of waves http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HumanEar.jpg

  15. DEAFNESS: Conduction deafness: loss of hearing due to inability to carry sound to inner ear (punctured eardrum, ossicles) -hearing aid Sensorineural deafness: loss of hearing due to damage in the cochlea or auditory nerve -cochlear implant

  16. TOUCH (SOMATOSENSATION): -sensitive to tactile sensations: pressure, warmth, cold, pain -all other sensations are combination of these 4 -transduction happens in skin receptors located all over the body http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LeftHand_2.png

  17. SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX: • Parietal lobe • Sensitivity of body part=larger section of cortex -is also inverted, top controls the bottom of the body http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sensory_Homunculus.png

  18. PAIN: -associated with substance P -natural pain killers are endorphins -adaptive=causing damage, stop it Gate-control theory: theory to explain pain -must go through gate in spinal cord -only most important pains go through -scratch=no longer itch

  19. CHEMICAL SENSES: TASTE (GUSTATION): tastebud receptors -5 tastes: sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami -supertasters: most tastebuds SMELL (OLFACTION): receptors in nostril -only sense to not travel to thalamus 1st -goes to limbic system=memory and emotion Sensory interaction: work together to create sensation

  20. BODY SENSES: Kinesthesis: body position sense -know where body parts are and movements Vestibular sense: sense of balance -in inner ear-semicircular canals http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Balance_beam_GMM.jpg

More Related