The Application of FRBR in a National Bibliographic Database

1. The Application of FRBR in a National Bibliographic Database Bemal Rajapatirana Revolution or Evolution? The impact of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) Organized by the Australian Committee on Cataloging. Melbourne Convention Center, 2 February 2004

2. Group 1 entities Products of intellectual and artistic endeavour: • Work – distinct intellectual or artistic creation; • Expression – intellectual or artistic realisation of work • Manifestation – physical embodiment of an expression of a work • Item – single example of a manifestation

3. Scope • Quantify the results of applying FRBR to the NBD • Determine future strategies for improvements to the NBD based upon exploiting the FRBR model • Waltzing Matilda case study

4. Process • LC FRBR Display Tool • www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/tool.html • FRBR Work-Set Algorithm • www.oclc.org/research • Test 1: • Identify most commonly occurring works • Extract sample dataset and apply available tools • Determine work ratios for most common Name and Title entries • Test 2: Apply to NBD or larger subset (pending)

5. Identifying works • ‘Commonly occurring’ headings defined as those with the most number of bibliographic records attached • Initial lists refined to remove ‘inappropriate’ work headings ranked in the top 100 • Separate ranking for Australian work headings

6. Selected works • Global exclusion criteria programmed • Series and ‘series like’ works • Thesis • Serials • Manual exclusion or amalgamation of some headings • coding • Spelling - Bible. English. Authorised’ and Bible. English. Authorized’ • Form of entry e.g. ‘Aesop’s fables’ or ‘Aesop. Aesop’s Fables’ or ‘Aesop. Fables’

7. Selected works • Final list • 20,000 records extracted • 13,561 representing works under Name/Titles • 7,025 representing works under Uniform titles • 1:3 works to manifestation/records • Reflects literary, religious and musical works • Similar composition to OCLC WorldCat analysis

8. Top 10 NBD works: Name-titles Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de,1547-1616. Don Quixote England and Wales. Laws etc. Chopin, Frédéric,1810-1849 Piano music. Selections Schubert, Franz,1797-1828 Songs. Selections Bach, Johann Sebastian,1685-1750 Cantatas. Selection Liszt, Franz,1811-1886. Piano music. Selections Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet Shakespeare, William,1564-1616. Macbeth Shakespeare, William,1564-1616. Romeo and Juliet Carroll, Lewis,1832-1898. Alice's adventures in Wonderland

9. Top 10 NBD works: Uniform Titles Bible. Authorized Mother Goose Koran Aesop's fables Arabian nights Bhagavadgita Imitatio Christi Bible. O.T.Psalms Haggadah Bible

10. LC FRBR Display Tool • Available from: http://www.loc.gov/marc/marc-functional-analysis/tool.html • Converts MARC to MARCXML • Rigorous data validation rules • Scale to accommodate large data sets • No statistics or reports generated • Sorting rules may required refinement • Problematic amalgamation of some expression forms e.g. sound recording and musical sound recording combined under one expression

11. Display example Author: Clauson, William Work: Australia Form: text-English Edition: Title: Australia : Waltzing Matilda and other Australian songs Imprint: [197-?] Physical Description: 1 cassette : (monographic) Author: Cowan, Marie Title: Waltzing Matilda Form: notated music Edition: Title: Waltzing matilda Statement of responsibility: music by Marie Cowan; words by “Banjo Paterson ; arranged by Warren Barker Imprint: Hal Leonard Publishing Corp, c1987 Physical Description: 1 score (16 p.) + 30 parts ; 31 cm Edition: Title: Waltzing Matilda Statement of responsibility: arranged for brass band by Gordon Langford. Imprint: Chandos Music, c1975 Physical Description: 25 parts ; 25 cm

12. Algorithms • OCLC identifies Work, LC identifies Work, Expression & Manifestion • Similar data normalisation routines e.g. ignore filing indicators, trailing and leading blanks, etc • Similar data elements for constructing author title keys • Limited number of ‘expression’ attributes • Maps variant data in headings through authority files (OCLC)

13. Waltzing Matilda … • Australian icon • Multiple works • Omissions • Variant forms of headings or content of heading/authority • Headings not present in bibliographic record • Non-literary or musical • Manual selection required • Queensland version

14. Waltzing Matilda … • Results: • 154 manifestations • 55 expressions • 46 works

15. You’ll come a Waltzing Matilda with me • Main works : • Cowan, Marie. Waltzing Matilda (50 manifestations) • Paterson, A. B. (Andrew Barton), 1864-1941. Waltzing Matilda (35 manifestation) • Waltzing Matilda (7 manifestations) • Others • Christina Macpherson • Dave De Hugard • Queensland Version • Expression data placed in contents notes or as subject of work • Variability in form of expression

16. Implications for NBD • Data quality • Incorrectly coded data LDR/06 = ‘m’ (computer file) • Variant forms of headings • ‘Sendak, Maurice, 1928-’ and ‘Sendak, Maurice’ ‘Montresor, Beni. I saw a ship a sailing’ ‘Montresor, Beni. I saw a ship a sailing, or, The wonderful games that only little flower-plant children play’

17. Implications for NBD • Cataloguing practice • main entry problems (choice and error) W1: Bartoli, Cecilia Italian songs W2: Italian songs • Inclusion of added entries • Inclusion of additional data elements e.g. relators • Rules and interfaces to support aggregation of work and expression level metadata • Data massage and human input

18. Implications for NBD • Apply FRBR to NBD subsets • Australian • Topical e.g. literature, music • How to apply FRBR • Work, expression and manifestion? • Hybrid approach • User-focused • Search and display options

19. Future strategies • Determine if all Group 1 entities should be applied • Consider available software and options to enhance existing tools • Virtual or permanent work clusters • Determine interface applications of FRBR – public, cataloguing tool • Improvements to the Australian cataloguing process

20. Waltzing Matilda

21. Questions