Science

1. Science D. Crowley, 2007 Meissner Effect

2. Intended Learning Outcome (ILO) • To know why we study science, and to be aware of the dangers in science

3. Names & Information • Finally, welcome to science! Lets start by getting to know each other. Firstly turn to the person next to you - introduce yourself to each other, and find out one interesting fact about them • Then, produce a name card - using the coloured paper, write your name down (large enough to see it from the front) • You have five minutes to do this…

4. Rules • Come to class on time - arrive on time, be punctual and sit in your seat • Bring all necessary equipment - in science you will need a pen, pencil, ruler and calculator if you have one • Bring my science book - this is your responsibility: you may leave it in class, but when you need to take it home for homework you must bring it to the next lesson • No eating or drinking - you are never allowed to eat or drink in a science lab. If you want to drink some water you must ask the teacher first • Be sensible - respect yourself and your classmates • Follow experiment rules - when conducting experiments, you must follow the rules. Know how to use apparatus correctly, e.g. Bunsen burners (breaking the rules means you are not allowed to do the experiment) • Wear safety glasses - when conducting an experiment, you must always wear safety goggles (over your eyes, not on top of your head)! • Work well, and do my homework - you will be given a date to hand in your homework (use your planner). Lateness is no excuse - no homework = detention. • Be careful of breakages - if you break anything, or have an accident, say so immediately. Always clean up your mess, and put things away properly • Polite, and don’t be afraid to ask - if you have a question, raise your hand. Do not just shout out. But… never be afraid to asks questions if you don’t know something

5. Experiment rules • Before any experiment, place your bags under the desks, and move your stalls under the desk too This is because if there is a chemical spill / fire, we can all get away from the area quickly and safely • Girls (and perhaps boys) - tie your hair back We don’t want a new short haircut, courtesy of the Bunsen burner! • Work slowly and calmly, never run around and never eat or drink Serious harm could occur if there are chemicals on you hand, which you then digest accidentally

6. Why all the rules?! • Science is extremely fun - you’ll be doing experiments every week - the best way to learn is to try stuff for yourself • But… some of the experiments you do will involve chemicals which can explode, burn you, poison you etc… • And, some of the apparatus you use can also be very dangerous, e.g. the Bunsen burners reach extremely high temperatures • So, follow the rules, be sensible and enjoy learning about science…

7. Welcome to science • What is science? • Science comes from the Latin scientia meaning knowledge • Science refers to a system to acquire knowledge - scientist use observations and experiments to get this knowledge • Science can also be split into different fields, such as chemistry, physics, and biology • The knowledge we can from science can then be put to many uses… • Can you think of any?

8. Books • This is your science book - do not lose it! • You can leave it in the books pile if you wish, but all work and homework need to be completed in it, so when homework is set you must take your book with you • Your book must be present for all classes - it is your responsibility - forgetting it is no excuse, you will have a detention • Write your name, science, my name (MR. CROWLEY) and your class on the front

9. Bunsen burner • The Bunsen burner is a piece of scientific apparatus you will use a lot! • Its important to get used to how it works, how to spot if anything is wrong, and how to use it safely • A Bunsen burner is a piece of apparatus used for heating - it can reach very very high temperatures! • The Bunsen is placed on a heat-proof mat, and then attached to the gas supply • It is lit using a splint, and the flame can be set to different settings, depending on what you need it for…

10. Bunsen burner flames • There are three main flames of the Bunsen burner - you can change the flame setting by turning the air-hole on the side of the burner • When the Bunsen burner’s air-hole is fully open you get the hottest setting (blue flame) • When the Bunsen burner’s air-hole is fully closed you get the lowest setting (easily seen yellow flame) • When the Bunsen burner’s air-hole is half open you get the normal setting (red/purple flame) • It is crucial you know when to use which flame…

11. Bunsen burner flames • We use the different flames for different experiments. • The safety flame is the setting you always leave your Bunsen burner on - its obvious to see, hence safety flame - the air-hole if fully closed • When heating liquids we need to use the normal flame - this means the air-hole is half open • When we need a roaring flame (i.e. to heat solids) we use the highest flame - this means the air-hole is fully open • Remember - you always leave the Bunsen on the safety flame, until you conduct your experiment. But, you must not heat test tubes and other apparatus using the safety flame - this will cause soot to be deposited on the apparatus, leaving them black!

12. Flames • Have a go at the worksheet - stick the worksheet into your book, fill in the blanks, then cut out the air-holes and stick them onto the correct Bunsen burner… Fully closed Half open Fully open Safety flame Normal flame - used to heat liquids Roaring flame - used to heat solids, but is very hard to see!

13. Safety • Finally have a look at the safety worksheet - see if you can find five unsafe things, and explain why it is unsafe • Stick this into your book, and if you wish to make it more colourful you can • This needs to be completed for homework, in for next lesson - remember to bring your science book in!!!