Efforts to Reduce Emissions from Motor Vehicles in Region

1. Efforts to Reduce Emissions fromMotor Vehicles in Region Bill Eaker – Coordinator Brian Taylor – EV Project Manager Chris Dobbins – Fleet Consultant • Ozone Kickoff/Press Conf. - March 25, 2013

2. CVC Background and Mission The Land-of-Sky Clean Vehicles Coalitionwas created in 2004 to promote alternative fuel vehicle adoption in the Asheville Metro Area

3. Clean Cities Designation • Program Goal: support local partnerships to reduce petroleum use in US transportation sector, primarily by promoting cleaner, domestic fuels and vehicles • Support: Networking, Funding Opportunities, Technical Assistance

4. Clean Cities Alternative Fuels Portfolio Alternative Fuels Promoted by CVC • Biodiesel • Electricity • Natural gas • Propane • Ethanol (E85) • Hydrogen

5. Benefits of AFVs Fewer Emissions Fuel Economy Energy Security Fuel that is cheaper, cleaner, and made in America

6. CVC Services • The CVC helps coalition partners adopt alternative fuel vehicles by • educatingfleet managers, policy makers & other stakeholders about alternative fuel technology and benefits • conducting fleet assessments to identify AFV applications • working with local and state governments to develop policies that facilitate AFV adoption • connecting alternative fuel/vehicle businesses with local clients • providing a forum for industry partners and fleets to address technology barriers to reducing petroleum use • identifying and securing funding for vehicles and infrastructure

7. Drive Less, Smarter, Cleaner • Walk, Bike or Ride Transit • Live Close to Work or School • Telecommute (Work at Home) • Carpool to work, school, meetings • Combine Errands to Reduce Trips • Reduce Idling; Green Driving • Engines Tuned up; • Purchase Fuel Efficient Vehicle (www.FuelEconomy.gov)

8. Biodiesel Use • Selected Biodiesel Users in the Region • MSD • NC DOT • City of Asheville • Buncombe County • Hendersonville and Co. • Mission Hospital • Great Smoky Mts. Nat’l Park • Asheville Regional Airport (B20 on and off road use) • B20 is the most common blend in U.S. • Used in all unmodified diesel engines. • Similar payload capacity, range, horsepower, and torque as diesel. • Promises rural and urban microeconomic benefits.

9. Biodiesel Considerations • Nontoxic and biodegradable • Reduction of unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter • Engine operating on B20 has similar fuel consumption, hp, and torque to engine running on conventional diesel • Solvent effect of blends above B20 can release deposits from previous diesel fuel use that clog fuel filters • Cold weather starting and storage issues ABOVE B20 • B100 - 8% less energy per gallon than petroleum diesel but has a higher cetane rating, so burns more completely, thus capturing more energy, and negating the lower energy value • Fuel Cost: • B99 = $3.68/gallon delivered • B20= $3.95/gallon delivered (less expensive when direct purchase from BRB) • B50 at Gas-Up in West Asheville = $4.09/gallon • Average Diesel in Asheville = $4.15/gallon West Asheville Biodiesel Pump

10. Biodiesel Projects and Activities • Blue Ridge Biofuels LLC • Used Cooking Oil for Feedstock • Over 500 Restaurants • Expanded Collection / Production / Distribution • DOE (SEBI), SEO, NC DAQ, NC GBF, NC Biofuels Center • Sold 1.3 million gallons since 2005! • Education and Outreach Efforts: biofuel forums, regional workshops, community events, conference presentations, facility tours

11. Biodiesel Projects and Activities • 8 Commercial stations in the Region (B20 to B99) • 12 Private fueling sites in the Region • Several Petro Suppliers distribute BRB biodiesel • Community Oil Recycling (CORE) Program is addressing limited feedstock issue • Field to Fryer to Fuel (F3) Initiative with Biltmore Estate

12. Natural Gas Use • Types of natural gas used in vehicles • Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): used in light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicles. • Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG): used with heavy-duty vehicles and locomotives. • Types of vehicles • bi-fuel • dedicated. • Types of fueling stations • time-fill • fast-fill AT&T CNG Van

13. Natural Gas Considerations • Same fuel economy as gasoline vehicle. • Fuel Cost: $1.99 to 2.18/gallon • Vehicle Conversion Cost: • Light duty ~ $9,500 to $18,000 • Heavy duty ~ $25,000 (dump truck) to $65,000 (dual engine sweeper) • Infrastructure Cost: • Fast-fill station ~ $400,000 to $1 million • Time-fill station ~ $200,000

14. CNG Projects and Activities • Public CNG stations • City of Asheville (2005) • Altech-Eco (2007) • Henderson Co. (2012) • PSNC (Q2 of 2013) • Altech-Eco Energy NGV Conversion Facility • Carolina Blue Skies DOE Grant • Over $1 million • 37 CNG Vehicles • Expand Asheville/Henderson Co Stations

15. Propane Use • Propane is the most used alternative transportation fuel in the U.S. and the world. • Stored and dispensed as a liquid • Types of vehicles • bifuel • dedicated. • Used in light- and medium-duty vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, and buses. • Many propane vehicles are converted gasoline vehicles. Biltmore Estate Propane Bus

16. Propane Considerations • Popular choice for non-road vehicles such as forklifts, mowers, agricultural and construction vehicles. • Nontoxic and no threat to soil, surface water, or groundwater • Vehicle Conversion Cost: $4,000 to $12,000 • Light duty vehicles ~ $6,000 to $7,000 • Fuel Cost: $2.08/gallon • Fueling Infrastructure Cost: • Under $50,000 • Alliance Autogas will provide the fueling infrastructure at no cost for fleets

17. Propane Auto-gas Projects &Activities Propane Autogas • Blossman Gas Early Stakeholder in Coalition • Propane Road Shows in 2010 and 2012 • Current Success Stories • Mountain Mobility • 10 Vans; DOT Funds (Clean Air Excellence Award) • Buncombe Co. Sheriff’s Dept. • 10 cruisers; SEPDP $ • Biltmore Estate – 2 shuttle buses and onsite fueling • German Motor Werks - Fueling Station and Conversion Facility

18. Electric Vehicles They’re Here!

19. PHEV vs. BEV Chevrolet Volt Nissan LEAF • Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) • Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) • All-electric, no tailpipe • Auxiliary gas engine charges battery • Electric Range: 35-40 miles electric • + 350 miles in hybrid mode • Electric Range: 75 to 100 miles electric • 24 kWh Li-ion battery • 16 kWh Li-ion battery • 2013 MSRP: starts at $39,145 • $7,500 federal tax credit • 2013 MSRP: S model starts at $30,500 • $7,500 federal tax credit

20. Electric Vehicle Deployment 7 Dealerships selling EVs since Fall 2011 ~70 electric vehicles in the Asheville region Asheville Chevrolet Skyland Mitsubishi Anderson Nissan Progress Nissan LEAF Waynesville Automotive Sunshine Chevrolet Boyd Auto Hunter Nissan Eaton Mitsubishi i APD Chevy Volt

21. Charging Station Deployment 40 Public & workplace charging stations 20 locations in the Asheville region at

22. EV Charging Levels

23. EV and EVCS Projections for Asheville Region (EPRI)

24. EV Projects and Activities: NC PEV Roadmap STATE DELIVERABLES • NC PEV Roadmap • State-level policy recommendations • Statewide guidelines for local policies • www.ncpevtaskforce.org REGIONAL DELIVERABLES • Community PEV Plan • Educational Forums and Technical Workshops STATE Regional champions Utilities State agencies EV and EVSE Industry Other state-level stakeholders REGIONS

25. Coalition Accomplishments: Petroleum Reduction Petroleum Reduction

26. Thank You • For more information • Email • Bill Eaker, bill@landofsky.org • Brian Taylor, brian@landofsky.org • Chris Dobbins, broadspeed@frontier.com • Website • Cleanvehiclescoalition.org