The Kite Runner : Historical, Political and Cultural Contexts

1. The Kite Runner: Historical, Political and Cultural Contexts

2. The Kite Runner: Introduction • First novel to be written in English • Title is derived from an old Afghan hobbyGudiparan Bazi or Kite Flying • It is a unique Afghan pastime during windy spring season

3. About the Author • Born in 1965 in Kabul, Afghanistan • Moved to the States in 1980 • Attended Santa Clara University, Cal • Graduated from UC San Diego School of Medicine in 1996 • His specialty is internal medicine.

4. Synopsis • The novel maps the journey of the Amir, the narrator. • The story takes place in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the United States from 1975 to 2003.

5. Synopsis

6. Synopsis Amir belongs to: • a wealthy family whose father is a businessman • the dominant Pashtun ethnic group • the dominant Sunni religious group

7. Synopsis • Amir tells the story of his friendship with Hassan. • Hassan and his father, Ali, are Amir’s servants • He is a low-caste ethnic Hazara • He belongs to the minority Shi’it religious denomination • He is the victim of discrimination due to his religious and ethnic identity • Ironically, he is also Amir’s half brother

8. Synopsis AMIR AND HIS GUILT FEELING: • Amir is overwhelm with guilt when he allows Hassan to be beaten by the neighborhood kids and raped by one of the boys. SEPARATION: • Hassan and his father leave Kabul for Hazarajat • Amir and his father fleeAfghanistan for Pakistan and eventually they end up in Fremont, California • Amir takes his tragic memories to America

9. Synopsis • He returns toAfghanistan in search of Hassan • While in Pakistan, Amir finds out that Hassan and his wife were killed by theTaliban regime • They left a son behind by the name of Sohrab AMIR ARRIVES AT KABUL • He discovers that Sohrab has become the victim of sexual assault by Assef. • Assef is a neighborhood boy who also molested Hassan • Amir must defeat Assef in a physical battle in order to take Sohrab out of Afghanistan and try to help repair his spirit.

10. The Taliban • The world Taliban is the plural of and Arabic word, Talib or someone who seeks religious knowledge before he becomes a preacher in a mosque • They were the sons of Afghan refugees in Pakistan and attended Pakistani schools of theology • Became active in October 1994 in Qandahar and continued there advances in the country with help of Pakistan • By 1997 they held about 90 percent of the Afghan territory, including Kabul THE TALIBAN ACHIEVEMENT • They brought relative peace and security in the country

11. The Taliban’s Achievement • The banished the warlords and forced to the northeastern corner the country and formed the Northern Alliance • Restored law and order but through rigorous enforcement of Islamic punishment: public beating, flogging, amputation of hands, and stoning to death • The Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Suppression of Vice was the powerful arm of the Taliban government. • The ministry issued strict religious decrees that denied people the right to freedom of expression, association, the right to work, and the right to education • They prohibited games such as kite flying, chess, music, cassette

12. The Taliban and the World Reaction • Only three countries recognized the Taliban government: Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Pakistan • Initially, America gave a lukewarm support to the Taliban. We hoped the regime would be a partner in oil-pipeline, UNOCAL or Union Oil Company of California CONCLUSION • The new game, Cold War, between the U.S.A. and the former Soviet Union brought death and utter destruction to the country • Over 5 million Afghans abandoned their homes and went into exile in other countries • Close to 1.5 million lost their lives • Many left their homes for secured areas of the country

13. Other Factors the Contributed to a Failed State in Afghanistan A DIVERSE NATION • Afghanistan is nation of groups with disparate ethnic, religious, and tribal traditions. ETHNIC DIVERSITY • Over 30 different ethnic groups. They are not contained within Afghanistan. • Pashtuns are the dominant ethnic groups, who account for about 38 percent of the population and ruled Afghanistan for most of the history of Afghanistan. • Tajiks are the second largest ethnic groups with about 25 percent of the population.

15. Ethnicity Hazaras consists of about10 to 15 percent Pashtun Tajik Hazara

16. Ethnicity Others (Turkmen, Aimaq, Baluch, Nuristani) 13 percent. Uzbak Pashtun Uzbaks consists of about 9 percent Baluch

17. Religious Diversity • Afghanistan has two dominant religious groups, the Sunni,or the so-called orthodox Islam, and Shi’ite or the so-called heterodox. • Sunni constitutes 85 percent of the population and Shi’ite consists of 15 percent of Afghan population • Shi’ites split from the Sunni’s in the seventh century over who the Prohet Mohammad’s legitimate successors were • Shi’ites consider Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet, the legitimate successor • Shi’ites developed their own conception of Islamic law and practices. • In the past Shi’ites had been persecuted in Afghanistan.

18. Conclusion • The Kite Runner tells the sad story of Afghan people. They have suffered at the hands of foreign invaders and their own people • I have attempted to explore the causes behind the Afghan tragedy and elaborated on the following causes: • The Great Game • The Cold War • Heterogeneity of Afghan Society • Tribal tradition • The result was the failure of Afghan state.

19. Kite Running • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5S47aSlezs