Ch. 18.1 The Ottomans

1. Ch. 18.1 The Ottomans

2. Essential Questions • Who were the Ottoman Turks? • Why were they important relative to the development of European and Asian worlds?

3. The Ottoman Empire

4. Turks move into Byzantium • From first semester, what does Byzantium sound like? • Ghazis – warriors for Islam • Formed military societies under an emir • Emir – chief • Lived on the frontiers of the Byzantine Empire

5. Review • Who were the ghazis? • What was the emir?

6. Osman Ghazi or Othman • The most successful Emir was Osman or Othman • His followers were called Ottomans • Ottoman military success was largely based on the use of gunpowder

7. Orkhan I • Declared himself Sultan • “Overlord” or “One with Power” • Muslims served in the military • Non-Muslims did not but had to pay a tax

8. Review • What leader’s name gives itself to the Ottomans? • What does sultan mean?

9. Tamerlane/Timur the Lame – Ottoman Enemy! • Got nickname because he was injured by an arrow in the leg • Burned the city of Bagdad and crushed the Ottoman forces

10. Mehmed II • Conquered Constantinople in 1451 • Now the Ottoman Turks controlled the waterways between Europe and Asia • Used cannons • One was 26ft long and fired 1,200 pound boulders!

13. Who is this supposed to be?

15. Review • What did Tamerlane do? • Why was Constantinople an important location?

16. Ottomans conquer more! • Mecca and Medina • Egypt • Syria and Persia

17. Suleyman the Lawgiver • The Ottoman Empire peaked under Suleyman • Started to infringe upon Central Europe • Created a law code to handle both Civil and Criminal matters • What is the difference between Civil and Criminal law?

18. Suleyman the Magnificant

19. Ottoman Slave System • Devshirme • Under this system the Ottoman Turks captured young boys from conquered territories, converted them to Islam, trained them, then made them soldiers • Janissaries • Trained them to be loyal to the Sultan; heart of the Ottoman war machine

20. Decline • Slowly declined due to dynastic violence • Each new Sultan would have his brother strangled and kept his sons in prison • Produced a long line of weak sultans

21. Ticket Out!!! • What leader were the Ottoman Turks named for? • What was the greatest accomplishment of the Ottoman Turks? How did they do it? • Why was Suleyman important?

22. Chapter 18.2 The Safavid Empire

23. Essential Questions • Who were the Safavids? • What were the patterns of cultural blending and why were they important?

24. The Safavid Empire • Shi’iteMuslim dynasty that ruled in Persia between the 16th and 18th Centuries • Do you remember the difference between Shi’ite and Sunni Muslims? • What the name of Persia now? • Culturally diverse empire

25. Cultural Blending • Prompted by one or more of the following: • Migration • Pursuit of religious freedom • Trade • Conquest

26. Results of Cultural Blending • Language • Religion/ethics • Government • Racial/Ethnic blending • Arts/architecture

27. Review • What branch of Islam were the Safavids? • What events/actions contribute to cultural blending? • What are the outcomes of cultural blending?

28. Back to the Safavids • Isma’ilconquers what is most of Iran/Persia • 12 years old • To celebrate, he made himself the Shah = King • Brutal ruler – destroyed the Sunni population

30. Safavid Golden Age • Shah Abbas– Abbas the Great • Created a culture that blended Ottoman, Persian, and Arab worlds • Reformed government • Religious tolerance • Built new capital at Esfahan • Persian rugs became in high demand

31. Review • Who started the Safavids? • What was the name of the territory? • What country is it today? • Name one contribution of Shah Abba?

32. Sum it up! • Write down: • 3 things you learned • 2 things you want to learn more about • 1 question you have

33. 18.3 The Mughals • Essential Questions • Who were the Mughals? • What is their cultural legacy in India and the World?

35. Setting the Stage • By the 400’s, the Gupta Empire had crumbled • Then Muslim Turks and Afghans invaded • Descendents of Genghis Khan and Tamerlane • They called themselves Mughals (Means Mongols)

36. Babur • In 1494, an 11 year old boy inherited a Kingdom in Central Asia – His name was Babur • He invaded and swept down through India • He laid the foundations for the Mughal Empire

38. Review – get with an elbow partner – 30 seconds!!!! • What does “Mughal” mean? • Who was the “first” Mughal? • What country?

39. Akbar • Babur’s grandson was named Akbar • Military conqueror • Liberal ruler • Practiced religious tolerance • Married Hindu princesses • Blended cultures • Art and architecture flourished

40. What is this building called?

41. http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/20.html

42. TajMahal Facts • Built by Shah Jahanto honor his wife • The construction of this monument took a time period of 22 years. A workforce of 20,000 laborers was brought from here and there for building the TajMahal. • People say that Shah Jahan ordered that the hands of the craftsmen and architect be chopped off after building TajMahal, as he did not want them to build another grand monument as this one.

43. More TajMahal Facts • It is said that Shah Jahan had planned to build another TajMahal in black marble as his own tomb. • The TajMahal is considered to be the seventh wonder of the world. • The walls and dome of TajMahal were covered with semi precious stones and gems that were later plundered in successive wars.

44. Decline of Empire • Rulers drained Empire of resources • Central power weakened opening the door for European control

45. Review • What were some of the characteristics of Akbar? • Who built the TajMahal? • Why?

46. Review • Summaries in one word!