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This lesson covers key concepts related to Kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi. Students will review the characteristics, classifications, and examples of protists and fungi, including their nutritional methods and ecological impacts. The session includes preparation for an upcoming quiz on February 12 and a test on February 17. Students must engage with warm-up exercises to reinforce their understanding of protist classifications, modes of movement, and the importance of fungi in ecosystems. Remember to study and clarify any doubts before the quiz and test!
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2/10 • Pick up Protist/Fungi Notes from the back • Take out your warm up sheets and classification chart. • Reminder: • Quiz: Protist and Fungi Wednesday 2/12 • Test Monday, February 17th. *If you haven’t started studying, don’t wait to cram on Sunday!!
Warm up: Which of the following plates has the best Zone of Inhibition? How can you tell?
I. Kingdom Protista – very diverse; any eukaryote that is NOT plant, animal, fungi or bacteria A. General Characteristics 1. Most are – unicellular , few are - multicellular 2. All are – eukaryotes 3. Protists are classified by how they obtain nutrition: a. animal-like: heterotrophs b. plant-like: autotrophs c. fungus-like:decomposers
B. Animal-like protists – some are free-living, some are parasitic (cause Malaria, African sleeping sickness) examples: 1. Paramecium cell membrane (inner) cytoplasm cilia contractilevacuole nucleus
Heterotrophic pumps out water, maintaining water balance in a cell – contractile vacuole (imp. for homeostasis) c. method of movement – cilia Video
2. Amoeba cell membrane pseudopod contractile vacuole vacuole nucleus cytoplasm
a. false foot – pseudopod b. method of movement–cytoplasmic streaming Video
C. Plantlike protists – examples: 1. Euglena cell membrane (inner) cytoplasm flagellum chloroplast eyespot contractile vacuole nucleus
a. presence of chloroplast – producer, autotroph b. method of movement – flagellum, whip like tail c. eyespot – light sensitive – moves organism toward light for photosynthesis Video
2. unicellular Algae -- provides a source of nourishment for other organisms 3. red, brown and green algae – multicellular
D. Importance 1. Beneficial a. outer covering of some protists form – hard silica shell = diatoms used in toothpaste and scouring powder b. plankton- food source for other organisms such as snail, clams and fish c. algae – used to make thickener for foods
2. Harmful a. some protists produce a red pigment, too many protists cause – red tide (affects fish, filter feeders)
b. Mosquito-born infectious disease caused by protists – Malaria c. algal bloom - enormous mass of algae – covers ponds, uses up O2 and kills fish
2/11 • Pick up worksheet from the back. • Take out your warm up sheet and your Protists& Fungi Notes • Remember: Protist and Fungi Quiz tomorrow!
Warm up Which diagram represents a system of biological taxonomy showing evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms? Give one example of a plant like protists, and an animal like protists.
A. General Characteristics Few are unicellular but most are – multicellular They all have cell walls –made of chitin (no cellulose like plants) They are plantlike – can’t move about BUT they cannot make their own food – no chloroplasts, not green All are – heterotrophs They are either: a. Parasites – obtain food from living organisms b. Saprophytes – obtain food from dead organisms 6. Obtain nutrition by – releasing digestive enzymes on organic material and absorbing nutrients
B. Examples • Bread Mold Spores—reproduction hypha (pl. hyphae) Mycelium – absorbs nutrients (NOT roots)
2. Mushrooms fruiting body Fruiting body spores cap gills stalk mycelium
3. Yeast - unicellular Ringworm and Athletes Foot (parasites) 5. Symbiotic relationships: Lichens – symbiotic relationship between – fungus and algae Fungus provides moisture, algae provides food – mutualism – both benefit
Mycorrhizae – symbiotic relationship between – fungus and plant roots Fungus helps roots absorb moisture and nutrients, roots provide fungus with products of photosynthesis
Importance: 1. Beneficial a. food—mushrooms, yeast, cheeses b. medicine - penicillin c. decomposers—recycle nutrients back into soil for plants
2. Harmful: a. plant diseases – smuts, rusts, mildew b. human disease – ringworm, athlete’s foot
Protist Fungus WS • Mark out the following questions: • Protists side • # 9, 14, 16 • Fungus side • 10 on top and 10 in matching
2/12 Pick up Kingdom Lab worksheets on my desk. Staple together! Do not touch anything on the desks or countertops. 2nd-6th: finish Content Frame Get out your PROTIST LAB – TURN IN TO ALPHA SORTER
